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天津高考英语阅读表达,高考英语阅读表达
tamoadmin 2024-07-29 人已围观
简介1.英语高考阅读中常出现的词汇,主要是单词,词组也可以2.如何做好高考英语阅读表达题3.天津高考英语阅读表达4.英语阅读表达5.高考英语任务型阅读常见词汇6.高考英语阅读理解秒杀法 英语阅读表达高考题 以下是我收集整理的关于英语阅读表达题的`高考题,有兴趣的朋友可以阅读参考一下哦! 第一篇: [1] learning about
1.英语高考阅读中常出现的词汇,主要是单词,词组也可以
2.如何做好高考英语阅读表达题
3.天津高考英语阅读表达
4.英语阅读表达
5.高考英语任务型阅读常见词汇
6.高考英语阅读理解秒杀法
英语阅读表达高考题
以下是我收集整理的关于英语阅读表达题的`高考题,有兴趣的朋友可以阅读参考一下哦!
第一篇:
[1] learning about other cultures will enrich our children?s lives. they get to try new foods; learn different languages; discover new ways of dressing, singing and dancing; and learn new ideas.
[2] australian children are very lucky. we grow up with other cultures around us, in our classrooms, on our tv, through sport, books or the movies.
[3] i admit i was shocked when i moved to the usa to live and teach. many of the children (and, dare i say it, adults) did not even know where australia was. the questions they asked seemed ridiculous, but to them it was their first encounter with a ?foreign alien?, so how were they to know any difference?
[4] the program i taught in the states was created based on the need for american students to develop global awareness. my role was, , but to expose my students to australian culture.
[5] every year we held an australian exhibition; the rest of the school would visit and we?d teach australian games and slang words. they tried australian food ? seeing their reactions to eating vegemite (蔬菜酱) was worth all the hard work!
[6] because of this experience, my principal set up a global awareness program once i left. each year the school chooses a country to study. they learn all about the culture and finish the year off with an exhibition the children he created. now the children are excited and passionate about learning.
[7] through my stories of trel, i noticed dreams began to form in my students. one girl was determined to go to college and then trel the world after graduating, another had the thirst for spending time with the masai warriors in africa, and many were adamant (坚定的) they would visit me in the ?land down under?. i still speak to many of them via the wonderful telecommunications ailable to us all today.
[8] global education in the classroom is good, but nothing can teach more than hing personal interactions with other cultures.]
1. what would be the best title for the text? (no more than 8 words)
_____________________________________
2. what did the author find when he first taught in the us? (no more than 14 words)
_____________________________________
3. what do we learn about american children from paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words)
_____________________________________
4. fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________
5. what does the word ?we? (line 1, paragraph 2) probably refer to? (no more than 2 words)
_____________________________________
第二篇:[1] bird-watching is a fun, safe and relatively inexpensive way to enjoy the outdoors with yourself, friends or family. a good pair of binoculars is a must and preferably a good book on birding to go along with it. you can get a good pair of binoculars for as little as $70 or spend as much as $1000 for a pair. if you?re just starting out, go with a good and reasonably inexpensive pair to get started. i prefer a lighter-weight pair of binoculars for a little more money. with the constant movement of your head and neck to observe birds, it?s best to go with a lightweight pair to ease the strain on your neck.
[2] a good book on birding is in order as well. stokes field guide to birds is ideal because all the entries are actual photographs of the birds that you are searching for, and not artists? drawings which are sometimes not quite as accurate. i he several books on birding, including kaufman field guide to birds of north america, and roger tory petersen?s field guide to birds which i would recommend as well.
[3] last but not least, find a park, nature center, or wildlife sanctuary (庇护所) to enjoy your bird-watching in. there are tens of thousands of places such as these to enjoy your newly-found hobby in. some places charge a fee; most places don?t require any kind of charges. it?s entirely up to you to decide where you want to go. check your local buildings, recreational departments, or websites for further information. you could just as easily take a walk around your home, your property, or your neighborhood. . a simple, lazy ride in your car on some country road, near lakes, streams, or rivers will be all you need to find the birds. there is no place that you will not find a bird or two. so go out and enjoy.
1. what is the main idea for the text? (no more than 8 words)
_____________________________________
2. what kind of binoculars does the author recommend? (no more than 9 words)
_____________________________________
3. fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________
4. what does the word ?it? (line 5, paragraph 1) probably refer to? (no more than 6 words)
_____________________________________
5. list three places for bird-watching. (no more than 6 words)
_____________________________________
第三篇:[1] a hiker in california got tred for days as he walked on a mountain trail. it is believed he was looking for shade and lost his footing (失足跌倒), getting stuck. he was discovered by a dog and his owner who hened to be passing by on their routine walk. ramon llamas and his dog, mole, often go on walks, and the 1-year-old dog likes to explore the area when he is on hikes with his owner.
[2] recently, the two had been out on their customary walk and the dog suddenly began crying. mole pulled llamas over to the spot. at first llamas thought his dog had discovered a wild animal and he asked others in the area to call 911. however, it was no wild animal earing out of the rocks. llamas discovered there was a man tred.
[3] according to yahoo! news, the hiker, identified only as 44-year-old ?paul? in media reports, was severely dehydrated (脱水的). he had been tred in the rocks on mount rubidoux for somewhere between four and six days. according to reports, the man was not sure exactly how long he had been tred.
[4] reportedly, the man was tred in a hidden location in the rocks about 100 feet from the main trail. due to the rocks, no one could see or hear him. paul asked llamas for water and said, ?please don?t lee me.? according to media reports he was very dehydrated and hardly conscious. emergency services were called and the riverside fire department came to the mountain and helped rescue the man. paul is reportedly recovering in a local hospital. he has said he wants to
for finding him, which ultimately sed his life. his doctors believe he will be ok and will make a full recovery.
1. who first found the tred hiker? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________
2. how did paul get tred? (no more than 9 words)
_____________________________________
3. fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________
4. what was wrong with paul when he was found? (no more than 8 words)
_____________________________________
5. what does the word ?he? (line 8, paragraph 1) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________
>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<第一篇:
1. learning about other cultures enriches children?s lives.
2. many of the children and adults did not even know where australia was.
3. they know little about other cultures.
4. not just to teach
5. australians.
第二篇:
1. how to get started with bird-watching.
2. a lightweight one that is a little expensive.
3. birds will be everywhere
4. a good pair of binoculars.
5. parks, nature centers, wildlife sanctuaries.
第三篇:
1. a dog called mole.
2. he lost his footing while looking for shade.
3. thank llamas and mole
4. he was very dehydrated and hardly conscious.
5. the dog.
;英语高考阅读中常出现的词汇,主要是单词,词组也可以
关于高三英语复习中的阅读理解题,成都美博的老师为同学们梳理了四类题型的相关解题方法及攻略,供同学们酌情参考:
一、主旨大意题
标志词:title,subject,main,idea,topic,theme 等词
1. 归纳标题题
特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语,涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思,精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。
2. 概括大意题
特点:包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea)
解题技巧:
A. 位于段首
往往在文章开头,先点出主题,然后围绕主题做具体陈述。
判断第一句是否为主题句,可以分析段落首句与第二、三句的关系,若第二句开始就对第一句进行说明,则第一句就是主题句。
有些段落,主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词,如:for example, an example of, first, second, next,last,finally,to begin with, also, ,besides,one...the other,some ,others等
B. 位于段尾
有些文章,会在开头列举事实,然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。当一种观点不易解释清楚或不易别人接受时,主题句便会到段落末尾才出现。可以通过引出结论的信号词,来确定主题句的位置在段尾,如:so,therefore,thus,consequently,in conclusion,in short,
in a word,to sum up等
C. 位于段中
先介绍背景和细节,接着用一句综合性或概括性的话概括前面的内容,然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论,这种主题句往往会在段落中间出现。先提出问题,,然后给予回答/点出主题思想(主题句),最后给予解释
D. 首尾呼应
主题句在段落开头和结尾先后出现,但并非简单重复,后一个主题句对该主题作最后的评述,或对要点作一概括,或使之引申留给读者去思考
E. 无明确主题句
找关键词(出现频率较高),归纳总结
注意:
新题型中有一个选项是干扰项,易犯三种错误:
(1)表述过于表面,只涵盖该段个别细节
(2)表述过于笼统,已经超出该段内容
(3)表述于段落内容无关,在段落中找不到相关依据
二、细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题答案一般都能在文中找到。但答案不一定是文中原句,要根据文章信息自行组织语句回答问题。
1. 事实细节题——寻读法
直接理解题:who,what,which,when,where,why,how提问,或判断正误;
间接理解题:需与原文信息转换,表达上与原文有差异
2. 排列顺序题——首尾定位法
找出第一个和最后一个,用排除法缩小范围
3. 图文匹配题——按图索骥理清线索
设题形式:给出图表,根据图表提问问题
4. 数字计算题——(方法:审题——带着问题找细节-对比、分析、计算)
可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算得到答案
三、推理判断题
主要考查对文章隐含或深层含义的理解能力,要求根据内容做出合乎逻辑的判断,包括对作者观点的理解、态度的判断、对修辞语气、隐含意思的理解等。
题干关键词:infer(推断),indicate(象征、暗示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论),assume(定、设想)
1. 细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断
2. 预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测
3. 推测文章来源或读者对象
4. 写作意图、目的、态度推断题
a.询问写作目的,选项词常为:explain(解释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),comment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(),demonstrate(举例说明),analyze(分析)等
b.询问语气态度,选项词常为:neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),pessimistic(悲观的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),douful(怀疑的);hostile(敌对的)等
解题技巧:
1. 文中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
2. 选择的答案一定要在文中找到依据或者理由。
3. 要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,不能以自己的观点代替作者想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、语义猜测题
考点:
1. 猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义
2. 对文中的多义词或词组进行定义
3. 判断某个代词的指代对象
解题技巧:
1. 通过因果关系猜词
找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,可借助关联词(because,as,since,for,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)
2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组;二要看进一步解释过程中使用的同义词
通过反义词猜词,一要看表转折关系的连词或副词;二要看与not搭配的表示否定的词语
3. 通过构词法猜词
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词法判断词义
4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
这种同义或释义关系常用is,or,that is,in other word,be called
5. 通过句法功能来推测语义
6. 通过描述猜词
7. 通过常识猜词
如何做好高考英语阅读表达题
高考英语任务型阅读高频率单词词组
一.名词(可数名词或以复数形式出现)
cause 原因
effect结果,影响,效果
process过程
process过程
consequence结局,后果
development进展.发展
process过程
clue线索
evidence证据,物证
instruction说明,指令,指示
connection联系,连接
conclusion结论
judgement判断(力)
proof证据,证明
analysis分析
explanation解释,说明
comparison比较
example例子
sample样品
point论点,要点
focus焦点
argument议论,论据,理由
solution解决办法,答案
description描述
fact事实
reason理由
excuse借口
procedure程序,手续
step步骤
method(way)方法
measure措施
means方法,手段,工具
program(me)节目单,议程,日程
progress进步
proposal提议,建议
suggestion建议
proportion比例
part组成部分,零件
message口信,短信,旨意
information信息,消息
material材料,素材
detail细节,详情
purpose目的,意图
goal目的,目标
advantage优势,长处,有利条件
disadvantage不利条件
equipment设备instrument器材
situation形势,局势condition条件,状况,形势
view观点,见解
attitude态度
destination目的地
route路线,航线
course过程,经过.课程
subject科目,学科
direction方向
directions用法,指示,说明书
tips提示,建议
number数目
figure数字,形状,图形
organization组织
structure结构,构造
function功能
principle原理,原则
institute团体,机构
announcement通知,公告
features特征
measurement计量
state状态,形态
shape形态
size大小,尺寸,型号
height高度
weight重量
length长度
width宽度
depth深度
amount(quantity)数量
quality质量
type, variety,sort,kind类型,种类
form形式
style风格,款式,式样
businessman商人
manager经理
nationality民族,国籍
性别
male男性
female女性
occupation(job)职业,工作
profession职业
address地址
location位置,场所,方位
position位置,方位,地位,身份,职位
staff职员
scene场面,现场
spot场所,地点
climate气候
surroundings周围环境
scenery风景,景色
landscape风景,地貌
interests兴趣
hobbies业余爱好
preference偏爱(物),喜好
sense感觉,感受,意识
feeling感觉,感情
affection情感,爱情
emotion情绪,情感
passion,热情
expectation期待,希望
intention意图,打算
action动作,行动
behiour举止,行为,习惯
nature自然,天性,本性,性质
character性格
characteristic特征
memories回忆,往事
degree度数,程度,等级学位
grade年级,成绩,评语
mark分数,成绩
content内容,目录
items项目,条目
experience经历,经验
times(ages)时代,时期
period(一段)时期,时间
partner合作者,伙伴
relative亲戚,亲属
courage勇气,胆量
pressure压力
discouragement灰心,气馁
discovery发现,被发现之事
supplies供应(品)
offers提供,出价
income收入
expense开支,开销,花费
export(s)出口(商品)
import(s)进口(商品)
rate税率,费率
tax税
price价格
cost(s)代价,价格,成本
profit利润
loss亏损
product产品,产量
production生产,产品
consumption消费
consumer消费者
customer顾客
complainant投诉者
demand 要求
complaints 投诉
conflict 冲突,矛盾
settlement 解决
treatment 处理,治疗
events重大
influence影响(力 )
significance意义
achievement成就
difference差异
similarity相似,相同
agreement意义一致
disagreement分歧
usage用法
caution注意(事项)
demand要求
reply回答,回复
ability能力
possibility可能性
attempt尝试
experiment试验
erage平均数
total总计,总数
speed速度
frequency频率
disaster灾难
survivor幸存者
rescue营救,救助
prevention预防(方案)
damages损失,损害
deaths死亡(事例)
flood洪水,水灾
drought旱灾
population 人口
employment就业
unemployment失业,失业率,失业人数
survey调查
data数据,资料
strategy策略
policy政策
licant申请者,应征者,志愿者
volunteer志愿者,自愿参加者
organizer组织者
participant参与者
tradition传统
religion宗教
stage阶段,舞台
level水平
fault缺点,毛病
feature特征
range范围,(价格,气温等变化)幅度
subhealthy 亚健康
resources
source 源头,来源,出处
reaction 反应
二、动词(或以动名词,过去式形式出现)
increase增加
decrease降低,下降
reduce减少
remove除掉,移去,转移
absorb吸收
release释放
measure测量
weigh称......(重)
sort 分类
rise上升
drop下降
win取胜,赢
lose失去,输掉(比赛等)
attract吸引
imagine想象
rebuilt重建
invent发明
discovery 发现
create创造
found建立,成立
form形成,养成
develop培养,开发
change改变
reform改革
cover覆盖,访,涵盖
record记录
break破坏,打破
destroy破坏,毁掉
damage损坏
ruin毁灭
spread传播,扩散
broadcast广播
inform通知
announce宣布,通报
expand扩展,扩大
strengthen加强
settle 解决,平息
三.形容词/副词
successful成功的
satisfied满意的
disointed失望的
essential基本的,不可或缺的,重要的
natural自然的
man-made人造的
artificial人工的,人造的
imaginary想象的
considerable可考虑的
considerate体贴的
possible可能的
potential潜在的
positive积极的,正面的
negative消极的负面的
wide宽的
broad宽阔的
narrow窄的
physical身体的,体力的
mental精神的,心理的
physically在身体方面,
mentally从身体上,在精神(心理)上
healthy健康的
disabled残疾的
terrible可怕的
horrible恐怖的,可怕的
surprising令人惊讶的
astonishing令人吃惊的
amazed感到惊讶的
scared害怕的
nervous(upset)紧张的(不安定)
comfortable舒适的
relaxed放松的
miserable悲惨的
lovely可爱的
naughty淘气的,顽皮的
accessible(easygoing)容易相处的,平易近人的
arbitrary固执的,武断的
ancient古代的
modern现代的
cultural文化的
historical历史的
national全国性的
personal个人的
private私人的,私立的
public公共的
convenient方便的,便捷的
ailable可利用的,有空的,可得到的
extremely及其,非常
frequently经常,频繁地
strictly严格地
fiercely剧烈地
cautiously小心地,谨慎地
casually随意地,不拘小节地
home 家,国内
abroad 国外
optimistic乐观的
pessimistic悲观的
permanent 永久的,不变的
temporary 临时的,暂时的
regular 固定的,定期的
四、短语词汇
trel agent 旅行代理人
trel agency 旅行社
employment agency 职业介绍所
advertising agent广告代理商
possible solutions 可能的解决办法
lication form 申请表
mental disorder 精神错乱
mental trouble/problem 心理障碍
crime rates 犯罪率
public opinion 舆论
a speed limit 速度限制
financial/economic crisis 金融/经济危机
economic growth 经济增长
national economy 国民经济
economic stimulus bill经济刺激方案
essential qualification 必备的资格
reasonable price合理的价格
attractive price 诱人的价格
issue price 发行价格
promotion ambassador 形象大使
promotion campaign 推广活动,促销活动
traditional activities 传统活动
tip-top talent 拔尖人才
talents exchange 人才交流
talent bank/ brain bank 人才库
reserve of talents人才储备
brain drain 人才流失
the personnel market 人才市场
on-the-job training 岗位培训
white heat 白热化
white paper 白皮书
the global economic slowdown 全球经济下滑/放缓
issue of common concern共同关心的问题
space tourism 太空游
junk e-mail 垃圾邮件
anti-virus software 防软件
separate waste collection 垃圾分类收集
cheer-leader / rooter king 拉拉队长
marathon campaign 马拉松式竞选活动
refugee camp 难民营
engage in writing 爬格子,潜心写作
recycled paper 再生环保纸
instant food; convenience food 方便食品
environment-friendly battery 环保电池
environment-friendly car环保汽车
chief justice 大法官
visiting scholar 访问学者
job hunter 求职者
attached middle school附属中学
white agriculture 白色农业
disaster-affected area受灾地区
accompanying satellite 伴飞卫星
return satellite返回式卫星
air defense force防空部队
sample survey 抽样调查
viewing rate 收视率
coverage rate 覆盖率
regional cooperation 区域合作
geological disaster 地质灾害
generation gap 代沟
mouse potato 电脑迷
electronic pet 电子宠物
electric currency; =electric money电子货币
electronic commerce; e-business; e-commerce电子商务
cultural diversity 文化多样性
biological diversity 生物多样性
source of the information 消息来源
radiation treatment 放疗
I smell a rat. 感到不妙
sense of personal achievement 个人成就感
wait-and-see attitude观望态度
business forecasting商业预测
summit conference首脑会议
天津高考英语阅读表达
一、高考书面表达的形式
目前高考英语测试主要以指导性作文为主。给出中文提示、图画或图表,也包括部分或全部英文信息,要求据此写记叙文。这种文体有效地考查了考生通过画面景观,将画图、图表、提纲等信息转换为语篇的综合能力。但也不排除说明文、应用文、议论文或论说文。
二、高考书面表达的要求
高考书面表达有以下几个要求:
1.词语正确、连贯、流畅;
2.语句简洁,用词确切;
3.句子结构有变化;
4.语言整体性、逻辑性强;
5.用语得体:能根据不同的情景选用合适的词语和句型。
三、书写书面表达的过程
要写出一篇优秀书面表达,一般经过审题——构思——草稿——修改——抄写誊正等过程。
Step1 审题:就是判断短文的文体和类型,是记叙文、说明文或是议论文等,若是书信、日记、通知等应用文还应注意格式。然后确定表达要点,并把表达要点列举出来。
Step2 构思:分析各个表达要点之间的逻辑联系,思考这样把这些要点有逻辑地组织起来形成一篇短文。并适当考虑用什么写作方法,怎样开头如何结尾等问题。
Step3 当这些思考有数之后,在草稿上整理成文并修改。
Step4 将修改好的短文,工整地誊写到卷子上,做到字迹清楚,卷面整洁,给阅卷人一个良好的第一印象。在近几年的高考书面表达评分标准中明确指出:如果书写较差,以致影响交流,将分数降低一个档次(3-5分为一档)。
四、书面表达的注意事项
要写出一篇优秀书面表达,不仅要语言准确、恰当、条理清楚,没有语法错误,还必须做到“二扣,三避,四性”。
1.二扣和三避 即在内容上紧扣要点,紧扣主题;避写感想,避写心得,避写体会。切忌脱离主题而任意发挥,写一些“题外话”。如何做到紧扣主题呢?那就是紧跟主题句展开叙述,切忌受汉语思维的影响,去写一些自己的感想、心得、体会等。如果这样做不仅违反了英语的表达习惯,而且还会偏离主题,容易出错。所以要注意以上的“二扣,三避”。
2.四性 即准确性、简洁性、连贯性以及表达方式的多样性。准确性:就是要求写出语法正确的句子,包括时态语态,用词,句法等。简洁性:就是要做到语言简洁,不重复。多样性:就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。如强调句、倒装句,各种从句和固定句型等。简单句、并列句、主从复合句等长短句要交错使用,避免千篇一律的短句和简单句。但是,千万不要为复杂的句型而造句,那样会影响语篇的连贯性,也不要刻意为追求复杂句而不顾承上启下,否则,这样的短文很可能只是一篇按要点一句一句翻译而成的漂亮句子而已,而不是一篇流畅的短文。连贯性:要根据整篇短文意思的需要而选用恰当的连接词,过渡句。但是,不要牵强附会,该用则用,不可乱添,过渡要自然。平时有些学生,把and, then乱用一通,搞得句子一点不清爽,句子有头,却不知尾在何处。
3.连接词的选用
英语中哪些词和短语可以用来表示“启、承、转、合”的语篇连接词呢?当然不仅仅是and, then, but等。根据英国语言学家韩礼德(MAK Halliday)和哈桑(R Hasan)的语篇衔接理论,语篇连接主要表示以下四类关系:
A.表示递进 and ,and then, also, besides, in addition, moreover, one more, once more, and moreover(再者), what's more,even, what was worse …
B.表示转折 but ,however, yet, and yet, although, in spite of, in the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise…
C.表示结果 so, therefore, thus, as a result, luckily unfortunately, because of, seeing that …
D.表示时间 now, then, afterwards, later, soon, before long, after that, shortly after that, soon after that , up till now, just now, just then, five minutes later, so far ,to this day…
此外,以下几种也常用作连接词或过渡词:
a.表示例举、说明:for example ,for instance, such as, that is to say, actually, according to this, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, and so on, in addition…
b.表示时间、动作过程或时间顺序:first , firstly, first of all ,second, secondly, far , above, below, near, beside, to the right, on one side…
c.表示比较、对比:just like, just as , in the same way, on the contrary, on the other hands, more or less, sooner or later , similarly…
d.表示强调:above all, after all, at least, at most, indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, without any delay, of course…
e.表示结论:finally, at last ,in the end , in a word, in general , generally speaking, in short, as you know, in conclusion…
六、凤头豹尾,美上加美
做到了“二扣,三避,四性”的短文固然能获得比平淡无奇的以单句为主的短文高得多的分数。但是,如开头句子写得好,过渡自然,有个有力的结尾句,更会锦上添花,美上加美,更能让阅卷人刮目相看,获得高分。
英语阅读表达
天津高考英语阅读表达
阅读表达是高考英语天津卷的一个新题型。要求考生阅读所给的.一篇300词左右的短文,并根据短文后的要求用英语回答问题,完成任务。有五个小题,每小题2分,共计10分。答题时间约为10-15分钟。下面是我给大家准备的天津高考的英语阅读表达题及答案,欢迎大家阅读练习!
阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn?t take Cuddles out for a walk?Cuddles takes him for a walk Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.
When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he ly for a guide dog. Shaw, an anima lover, said he couldn?t hear to part with a dog(which usually lives about eight to ten years)and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horse possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean friendly, smart and he great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to he the same guide companion for most or all of his life.
Shaw immediately lied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.
Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs (便道沿儿) and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated (显示) its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.
56. What?s the meaning of the underlined word ?miniature? in Paragraph 1? (No more than 2 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
57. Why didn?t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (No more than 15 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
58. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
59. How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
60. In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (No more than 20 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
56. Tiny \Little\small\Very small.
57. A dog?s life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it.
58.The Tiny, horses possess he many good qualities to guide people.
On the Tiny horses possess\ he many qualities to be ideal guides,
59. He feels that his future life will he better/easier,
60. They should be good friends and help each other,
Or: They should get along as friends and take care of each other.
;高考英语任务型阅读常见词汇
英语阅读表达
阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型,它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合。下面我收集了关于阅读表达题的备考策略,一起来了解一下吧!
阅读表达题英语高考新题型和备考策略
摘要 本文介绍了近年来英语高考中出现的一类新题型?阅读表达题。笔者分析了新题型的形成背景,命制方式和基本题型,提出了解答阅读表达题的基本思路和备考策略,同时展望了其发展的基本趋势。
关键词 阅读表达题,新课标高考卷,题型创新,阅读理解,备考策略
阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型,它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合(reading & expression)。命制阅读表达题的具体做法是:设计一篇在语篇结构上是并列或承接关系的300字左右的短文,之后是5个需要考生回答的问题。这些问题的回答需要考生从短文中提取相关细节信息,并结合上下文进行适当的概括、判断和推理,在规定的字数内将答案写在相应的空白处。
一. 阅读表达题的课改背景
阅读表达题的推出是与正在全国各省市区推行的高中学科新课程标准密不可分的。《普通高中英语课程标准》规定,高中学生毕业时的课外阅读量应达到18?30万字。这一量化的规定可见新课标对高中阶段学生阅读输入(input)的充分重视。同时,krashen(1985))认为足够的信息输入是保证高质量信息输出(output)的前提。阅读表达题正是这种阅读信息输入与即时输出的巧妙结合。
阅读表达题是对阅读理解题型的创新。阅读表达题以一种主观题的形式,?打破了高考英语阅读理解十几年多项选择题的单一形式?。在阅读难度上它略低于前面的阅读理解题,而它是以主观回答的形式考查考生的表述能力,故中高程度的考生答题效果较为理想,而如果考生读不懂短文,就基本没有答对的概率。因此,该题型能?有效地评价考生综合运用英语语言的能力,而且会提高试题的信度和效度?,同时也具有较好的区分度。
二. 阅读表达题的'设题类型和解题技巧
在目前全国各省市区的高考试卷中,有四个省市英语试卷推出了阅读表达题:山东省(2007年始),天津市(2009年始),和江西省(2011年始)。湖南省试卷也在前几年简答题的基础上,2010年推出了阅读表达新题型。在卷面形式上,四份试卷阅读表达题均以一篇短文后加4?5个问题的方式命制,其常用的题型有:
1. 主旨大意题。这一问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或个别段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在高中学生阅读时的普遍问题是:文章大意都基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学和学生获取阅读信息的主要目的。主旨大意题有助于矫正这种能力缺陷。主旨大意题既考查对整个短文主旨理解的能力(如江西2011卷76题),也可考查对段落大意的归纳能力(如山东2011卷80题)。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:what is the main idea of the text? / what does the passage mainly talk about? / what is the purpose of the writer?s writing the passage? / what does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
主旨大意通常会出现在文章的首尾段或段落的首尾句。在2010山东卷中,我们可根据第一段的最后一句:studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together benefit in many ways 概括处文章的主题为:families benefit from eating together.
主旨概述既可以用完整的句子,也可用一个简洁的短语:a website where we can learn english well,或一个问句:how to deal with stress。
2. 信息归纳表达题。该题要求考生能在短文中找到题目所要求的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实息进行适当的整理(2011山东卷和江西卷78题)。
信息归纳题有时以例举填空的形式:list three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text ①________ ②_________ ③_________,或回答的形式,如:point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in paragraph 3. ________________。
解答信息归纳表达题,一方面要找到相应的原文信息,另一方面要组织好词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。如回答上一题?advantage?即用短语 a health benefit,而有相当数量同学用一个句子__there is a health benefit_,实在是教训深刻。
3. 指代关系确认题。考生根据下划线代词(如they, that, it,so 等)找到它所指代的上文内容。指示代词所指代的是上文的事物,考生主要是在上文寻找答案,答题难度相对小些。考生要注意到代词所代替的是上文的名词或动名词,如原文所指向的是动词或其它词性的词,则要相应的名词化。
如2011江西卷80题:what does the word ?it?(line 3, paragraph 5) probably refer to?
4. 补全文章空缺题。短文在设计时,在短文中间设一空,要求考生用恰当的短语或分句进行内容补全,使之与前后内容连贯,并与作者的写作意图相符。信息补全题类似于完型填空,但空缺处需填的通常不是一个单词,多为一个完整的句子,这就无疑给考生带来相当的挑战。做好这道小题,一方面一定要看懂上下文,另一方面还要会分析文章的发展脉络,使填进去的信息与上下文语境刚好吻合。2011山东卷77题和江西卷79题即为信息补全题。
在补全文章空缺处时,首先要先知晓短文的主旨大意,因为需要填进的内容都是与主题切实相关的;同时要注意一些连接语篇的词语,如however,therefore,on the other hand,similarly等,这些词是上下文过渡和发展的关键词。2011江西卷79题为fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words,我们在通读全文后,知道短文的主题是?电视直播体育赛事的利与弊?,而前一段分析了?利?,同时我们注意到空缺处前有一表转折关系的连词however,且空白处的下文是分析?弊?,所以填进去的当为?there are also disadvantages ?,从而与上段形成?利与弊?的对比关系。
5. 短文信息转述(填空)题。短文信息转述即通过题干中的一个句子,找到原文中的与其意义相近甚至一致的句子,并把它写在题目后的空白横线上。此题类似于paraphrase (using simple english sentences to explain the original sentences with complicated structures),不过题目中的句子有时侯也是很复杂的复合句(山东2008年卷79题)。而短文信息转述填空题则是对原文相关句子paraphrase的基础上,在题干的空白处填上原文所缺的信息(江西11年卷77题)。它既需要考生找到原文与题干中相一致的句子,也要求他们在题干空白处补全与上下文相连贯的信息,是一道相对较难而得分较低的题目。
短文信息转述(山东卷也称英文释义)的提问方式有:which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? / which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
要练好英文释义题,考生一定要吃透所给转述句中的关键信息,捕捉与原文相吻合的关键词汇。2008山东卷79题所给转述句为accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop complulsive shopping. 考生要能理解这句话的含义,同时根据下划线关键词在原文中第四段找到语义相同的句子。
短文信息转述填空题是江西卷命制的一种新的题型,它是在山东卷的基础上将所给转述句的部分关键信息挖掉,而要求考生根据原句补充上缺失部分并注意其相应的形式。
要备考英文释义题,教师平时在课堂阅读教学中要加强对复杂句的paraphrase训练。在nsec教材中就有很多练习专门是用来训练学生用简单英语解释复杂句型的。如笔者在教学unit5,book1时,就把原文中引用的nelson mandela 的一句话paraphrase 为两句简单句,而要求他们在课文中找到相应的原句。
6. 词义猜测题。此题的命制目的是考查学生根据上下文理解陌生词语的能力。陌生词语以下划线的方式标出。指示关系的确认依靠上下文语境的暗示或信息的互补。在2009天津卷的阅读表达中,下划线的词语是?chrome-plated contraptions?,而上句话是说?几乎每一个美国人都要花些时间推购物车?,而含有下划线的句子是说?他们在一生中推______的里程有很多路?。显而易见,后句与前句在语义上是并列关系,所以后句中?推?的宾语就是前句中的购物车。《普通高中英语课程标准》明确规定,要培养学生?能通过上下文克服生词困难,理解语篇意义?。在阅读理解中,词义猜测也是常考题型,笔者查阅了06、07年全国各地38份高考试卷,其中就有37份考查了?在上下文理解生词?,均体现出新课标的这一理念。
7. 开放性问答题。此题是要求考生根据短文中所出现的话题,发表你个人的观点和见解,如2011天津卷60题是就?人与动物的理想关系?发表见解,山东卷是就参加?某春活动?表态,并说明其缘由。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象。开放性的问题使考生跳出了试题,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注些社会和国内外问题,高考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅而合情合理的句子。
8. 其它题型。如山东省的翻译题(英译汉)。翻译教学仍是中学英语教学的一种方法,特别是一些复杂的复合句,更需要适当的成分分析和翻译。我们没有必要用?信、达、雅?的标准来衡量学生翻译的句子,只要翻译后的汉语能较流畅而又能忠实于原文。
如湖南省和天津市的细节理解。细节题是阅读理解中的重要题型。据不完全统计,细节理解题在各省市区阅读理解的分值在40%-60%之间。而阅读表达题中的细节理解题更是对新课标?阅读能从一般文字资料中获取主要信息;能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息?的全新诠释和落实。细节理解题用5w1h形式提问:
what is the aim of the program?
why did linda join the american women?s club of toronto?
how does shaw feel about his future life with the help of cuddles?
who may choose to participate in the alternative break program?
?
三.阅读表达题型的备考
高考作为一种选拔性考试,必然要反映出考生在学习能力和水平上的差异。高考相对于知识性考试而言,它对于记忆的要求要低一些,而更侧重于对日积月累的能力的考核。《普通高中英语课程标准》认为高考要以考查学生综合语言运用能力为目标。作为一种综合题型,阅读表达题既考查到学生的阅读理解能力,又能考查他们的书面表达能力,因此英语测试专家普遍认为这是一种能有效评价考生综合运用语言能力的题类。但作为一种新的试题类型,阅读表达题不同于阅读选择题,因为选择题是答案提示性问题,而阅读表达题是考查学生理解文章、组织语言、准确表达的能力,它没有提示性成分,所以广大师生对它都有一个认知?了解?熟悉的过程。阅读理解题解题能力形成和提高要把握以下几个方面:
1. 阅读理解新题型渗透于日常教学和练习。
众所周知,高考是中学教学的指挥棒,广大师生只有顺应高考改革的方向,才能取得较理想的成绩。我们既要研究高考新试题,更要把它贯彻到我们备考和复习之中。概括短文主旨、明确指代关系、归纳段落大意,英语释义,寻找关键词,这些能力的培养,是一个长期的过程。笔者在指导学生阅读训练时,要求学生做到有意识地用几个核心词汇概括文章或段落大意;在遇到一些复杂句时,则先呈示同义句,要求他们在原文文中找到同义句;通过上下文、构词法猜测词义;在一些记叙文中,教授学生以5w1h形式复述课文。
2. 阅读理解新题型要求培养学生提炼概括的能力。
在批阅试卷时,笔者常发现学生找到了题目在原文中的答案,但常出现句式错误。如回答指代关系题把动词短语填上去,信息列举题又把整个原句写上去。这些问题充分暴露学生在概括能力方面的欠缺。学生既要能圈定答案所在的句子范围,更要进行一些合理的提炼,才能准确到位的回答相关的阅读表达题。阅读表达题要慎抄原句。
3. 阅读理解新题型要求学生阅读训练要持之以恒。
在研究近几年高考卷阅读表达题型时,笔者发现其基本是稳定的,但各年份在排序和题型上有个别微调。这在客观上给考生备考增加了一定的困难,但只要严格按照新课标关于高中生课外阅读量的要求,学生坚持每日阅读600词左右信息量的短文(两篇阅读理解),准备好这一题型是不困难的。
4. 阅读理解新题型要把握好一些特有的细节
阅读表达题各小题都有字数的限制。关于回答问题时超出规定字数如何给分,笔者请教了专程到笔者所在学校进行新课标高考卷调研的省教育考试院高考命题组专家,她的回答是超出字数均不给分。理由有二:考生没读题目后字数要求;考查学生概括能力。
阅读表达题也属于主观回答的试题内容,因此考生一定要书写整洁、清晰,为自己赢得印象分,切忌乱涂乱该。
四.结束语
阅读表达题作为一种新题型,既考查学生的阅读理解能力,又考查了学生在对原文理解基础上的书面表达能力。阅读表达题的创新之处在于它将学生的阅读理解能力转化为对阅读信息的撷取、归纳、表述和内化的能力,这与新课标的理念和nsec教材模块后的comprehending的问题练习是不谋而合的。基于高考对于中学英语教学强烈的反拨作用,我们一方面要巧妙而有选择地利用好comprehending中相关的练习,使高考题型训练常态化;同时通过平时的日常阅读和备考前相对集中地专项练习,进一步提高高中生阅读获取信息和表达的能力。
参考文献:
1.krashen,s.d. (1985) the input hypothesis:issues and implications. london: longman.
2.richards, jack & c.lockhart. (2000). reflective teaching in second language classrooms. 人民教育出版社.
3. 蔡银保 《专题调研:江西新题型》,汕头大学出版社,2011年
4. 黄远振等 ?高考英语命题:现实与诉求?,《中学外语教与学》2008年第10期
5. 江西省教育考试院 《2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江西卷(英语)考试说明(课程标准实验版)》[m],江西高校出版社,2011年
6. 教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》,人民教育出版社,2003年
;高考英语阅读理解秒杀法
原因和结果:reason (for) , result; cause (of) , effect; consequence
异同点与优缺点:difference , similarity; advantage/benefit , disadvantage
功能:function
观点与态度:opinion , view (on/about) , viewpoint , idea ;attitude to/towards
评论、评价:comment (on) , remark (on/upon) , assessment
表方式、方法:means , way , method (of) ; solution , roach ( to doing sth. ); take measures to do sth.
目的:purpose , aim , goal 积极和消极:positive ,negative; optimistic
建议: advice [u] , suggestion , tip 概括、总结: summary , conclusion
特点: feature , characteristic 种类:kind , type , category , class
精神上与身体上:mentally ,physically 影响 : influence , impact , effect (on )
情形 ,状况 : situation,condition 建立:build , create , establish , found
出现:ear ,occur(red) 实现,完成:reach , realize , accomplish
必要,必需 : must /necessity 方面,项目条款:item / aspect
材料 : materials 知识消息:knowledge / information
日程 : schedule / agenda 百分比:percentage
性别 : 年龄 : age
满意 :satisfaction 忧虑,担忧,焦急 : concern
(不)熟悉 :familiar /unfamiliar 个人,个人的: individual
细节 :description , detail 文化 : culture
责任 : (take) responsibility 贡献 : (make) contributions to
重要 : value importance significance 比较 : contrast comparison
时期 : period / time 存在 : existence exist
花费 : cost / expense 人口 : population
天气与气候 : weather[u] / climate [c] 位置 : location
主题 : theme 背景 : setting,background
情节 : plot 高潮 : climax
结尾 :ending 反对者与支持者:supporter , opponent
转换类常用句型:
1.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades
2. take advantage of = make use of
3. parental attention = with the help / aid / assistance of parents
4. oppose the move = be against the move = object to = disagree with
5. consider … = take … into consideration / account
6. at the beginning = at first
7. be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for
8. since the beginning of human evolution = throughout human history
9. Americans he been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities. = Americans he been migrating south and west for decades, seeking a better job. / searching /looking for a better job.
10. housing-related reasons = reasons related / linked/relevant to / connected with housing
11. take an active part in = take part in sth. actively
12. encourage participation in quiet activities = encourage children to participate in / take part in/ play a role in quite activities
13. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones
14.valuable information = information of great value
15.understand clearly = he a clear understanding of sth.
16.affect = he an effect / influence / impact on sth.
17.matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference
18. kills sb. = sth. costs sb. sth. = claim one’s life
19. make an apology = apologize to sb.
20.be over = end = put …to an end
21.despite = in spite of
22. share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up
23.online = on the Internet
24.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens
25.list the things that you are good at = list what / all you are good at
26.explain sth. = make an explanation
27.offer sth. to sb. = provide / supply sth. for sb.
28.besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from
29. be better than = be superior to
30. rove of = subscribe to = be in for / support of = for sth.
31.he access to = be acceptable / accessible / ailable to
32.stop = quit = give up
33pensate for = make up for
34.in part = partly
35.every year = yearly = annually
36.use up = run out of (主动)
37.run out = give out = be used up (被动)
38.be accused of = be charged with
39.most of the people = the majority of the people
40.cater to /for one’s needs / demands /requirements = satisfy / meet one’s ….
41.starve to death = die of hunger/ starvation
42.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary
43.socially responsible = social responsibility
44.sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth .
45mit oneself to doing sth. = promise to do sth.
46.make full use of = make the most of
大概符合你的意思吧,给分哦!!
高考英语阅读理解秒杀法
大家在复习备考过程中一定要了解高考,最好能在只看答案的情况下排除一些错误选项。为了帮助广大考生提高答题效率和阅读理解正确率,我为你整理了高考,希望对您有所帮助!
英语阅读理解秒杀法
1.细节题型
提问方式Wh-特殊问句; From the text...,According to...,True/not true,划线词语、句子,简单计算、排列顺序、识图等。
解题方法抓住提问中的关键字眼,仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容,一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项:
(1)扩缩范围
文章为了表达得准确严密,很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制,如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制.有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在一干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者借此以乱真。要排除这类干扰项,只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面,都属排除的干扰项。
2.主旨大意题型
提问方式What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph?
What is stated in...? The text is cheifly concerned with___。
解题方法
(1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2两句-----即短文的主题句,或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。
(2)记叙文等需要通读全文,抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思(常说明一个道理)。
(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头,通过论证,最后阐述核心观点。
在处理文章标题的选择时,要避免下列三种错误:①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。
3.推理判断题型
提问方式
The story suggests that___________. It can be inferred that___________。
The story implies that ___________. It can be concluded that ___________。
We can learn that___________。
解题方法推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
注意点
(1)那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
(2)推理不是凭空猜测,而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
(3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
4.词义猜测题
①利用构词法猜词;
②利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时特别留心某些词语,
例如:or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等词语之后的内容。
英语阅读理解解题思路技巧
1. 浏览试题,明确要求。
在阅读文章前,最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章,可使思路更敏捷,而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2. 通读全文,抓住主要内容,要在不影响理解的前提下,尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。
阅读时,如遇到不熟悉的`单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子,不要停下来苦思冥想,继续读下去,通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3. 抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时,要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子,尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开 头或结尾,插在中间的很少。
所以,文章的第一段或开头的第(一)二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述,因此要特别注意,彻底理解。
4. 有针对性地仔细阅读,找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上,可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过,而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读,还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来,逐条分析,综合判断,找出正确答案。
5. 进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后,可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系,做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候,需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6. 认真复读,验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些还未打上的题目,确保理解无误.
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