您现在的位置是: 首页 > 录取信息 录取信息

高考真题英语长难句,2013高考英语长难句

tamoadmin 2024-05-26 人已围观

简介1.高考英语长难句解析,要分析句子结构,句子意思。有什么语法2.英语四六级长难句结构分析经典一百句3.英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧4.2013年全国卷一英语作文题目及标准范文5.求2013湖北高考英语完形填空及阅读理解的翻译(完形要填词后的完整翻译)6.英语长难句分析用下面是从往届全国高考试题中摘录的一个例句,用以逐步说明如何分析长难句: First put forward by the F

1.高考英语长难句解析,要分析句子结构,句子意思。有什么语法

2.英语四六级长难句结构分析经典一百句

3.英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

4.2013年全国卷一英语作文题目及标准范文

5.求2013湖北高考英语完形填空及阅读理解的翻译(完形要填词后的完整翻译)

6.英语长难句分析

高考真题英语长难句,2013高考英语长难句

用下面是从往届全国高考试题中摘录的一个例句,用以逐步说明如何分析长难句:

First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.

第一步:围绕动词用扒皮法(或者叫做拆分法)找出本句的主体结构。

1. 围绕动词(包括非谓语动词)进行层层扒皮:

* 第一个动词 put forward 前没有自身的主语,说明由它构成的短语是非谓语动词过去分词,属于句子的附加成分;

* 第二个动词 had baffled and beaten (已经阻挡和挫败了) 前面存在名词 the theorem (该定理),可知它们共同构成独立的句子;

* 第三个动词 including 也没有自身的主语,根据已掌握的知识可以判断出该动词是转化为介词的现在分词,也属于附加成分;

* 后面跟在 a French woman scientist(法国女科学家)后的两个用 and 连接的主要动词 made (a major advance) 和 had to dress 前都有关系代词 who,可知它们是定语从句,也属于附加成分;

* 另外的两个 in working out 和 in order to be able to study 可以从结构上看出分别是“介词 + 动名词”和“in order + 不定式”。

第二步:解决主要矛盾,即围绕主体结构(即主句)分析其前后附加成分的语法功能。

* 本长句的主句(主体结构)是 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds(主谓宾结构)意思是“该定理阻挡并挫败了最杰出的数学头脑”,用符合汉语习惯的说法就是“该定理使得最杰出的数学头脑感到迷惑不解,并让他们举足无措”。

* 主句前的过去分词短语 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,经分析可知它的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 the theorem,即“十七世纪被法国数学家 Pierre de Formta 提出来的”,很明显这个状语说明“定理”提出的来以后,是主句的时间状语。

* 主句后的现在分词短语 including a French woman scientist ...(包括一个法国女科学家)是主句的陪衬性状语,起补充说明作用作杰出的科学家。

第三步:解决次要矛盾;

一个句子不仅仅主句带有附加成分,有时候附加成分中另外还套有附加成分,比如本例举就是如此,including...短语中还叠套了两个层次的附加成分:

1. 第一层: 先行词 French woman scientist 后带有 由关系代词 who 引导的两个并列定语从句;

* who made a major advance in working out the problem,

* and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.

2. 第二层:每个从句中分别还孕含了一个非谓语动词构成的短语:

* 介词 + 动名词:in working out the problem,用作 advance 的方面状语,即“在解决这个难题方面”。

* 目的状语:in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique. 即“为了能够在伊科尔理工学院研究”。

归纳上述的分析方法,提供三句口诀供你参考:

围绕动词,拆分扒皮;

找出主干,理清关系;

从主到次,逐层分析。

参考译文如下:

十七世纪法国数学家感到不得要领而束手无策,其中包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,为了能够在伊科尔理工学院研究她还不得不女扮男装。

高考英语长难句解析,要分析句子结构,句子意思。有什么语法

如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章,原汁原昧”,考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么,这些 阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢?除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外.就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂,搀 杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪,影响其对短文内容的理解。 试看从 NMET2001 E 篇择选的一长句: When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 该句后半句实际上包含有四个宾语从句和一个状语从句,hear 后跟宾语从句,省略引导词(that),这个 宾语从句中动词 say 又带了一个由(that) 引导的分宾语从句。 而这个宾语从中动词 know 又带了一个仍由(hat) 引导的分宾语从句,这个分宾语从句中有一个 until 引导的时间状语从句.句中分词 asking 作状语,后又接 了一个 if 引导的宾语从句,五个从句盘根错节。令人眼花缭乱。 再如 NMET2002 D 篇中第二段最后一句: He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill,in Bedfordshire,and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well,but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. 此句长达 65 个单词,结构比较复杂,句中包括一个并列句、两处并列谓语、三个宾语从句、一个状语 从句。外加插入成分。在并列句中,but 把前后两个分句连接起来,前一个分中有 found out 和 thought 两个 并列谓语.后一个分句中有一个 until 导的时间状语从句,该时间状语从句中已有 came across 和 learnt 两个 并列谓语。 其实,再复杂的复合句,只要能恰当地运用句法知识进性结构和功能分析,就可突破其含义,准确地 理解短文大意,获取重要信息。 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词 and,but,or 等连接;复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句) 三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词,找出这些引导词就能分析 出复合句的完整句子结构,清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的: so that,for the purpose that,in order that 等;表示结果:so…that…,such…that…,as a result,therefore, thus 等;表示条件:if,on condition that,unless 等;表示原因:because,since,as 等。 例 l Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better.(NMETl995 C 篇) 析:这是一个含有 that 引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了 which 引导的非限制性定语从 句。非限制性定语从句内有 not only…but also…连接的并列结构。句意:噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就 是没有必要使用消声器.这不仅减轻了轿车的重量。而且使发动机耗油更少,运转更好。 例 2 even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in We the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. (NMET2001D 篇) 析:whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构,which 引出定语从句,指代前文中的事实,that 引出同 位语从句,while 引出状语从旬,表示对比。句意:我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物,特别是肉类,取决 于它们是否还在田问里,还是即将就厨。这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝。 例 3A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car, the owner, have to pay for any damage done to the car, as you even if your dog has been killed in the accident. (NMETl997 C 篇) 析:该句前半部分 explain 接 what 引导的宾语从句:后半部分对此进行具体解释,其中,在主句前后 各有一个 if 导的条件状语从句和 even if 引导的让步状语从句。 the owner 是插入语。 as 句意: 一个瑞典 Kennel 俱乐部的官员解释了这项(法律)的含义,如果你的狗跑到公路上被汽车撞了。作为主人。即使你的狗被撞 死了,你也要为被撞坏的汽车做出赔偿。 例 4First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize SO dearly won.(2005 全国 I 卷 E 篇) 析:全句是由 and 连接的两个并列分句,在前半句中含有 which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个主 句.在定语从句中,means 后接宾语从句,意为“首先,我必在叶丛中找到红的西红柿,这意味着我差不多 要倒立了”。在后半句中 once found 为一省略 they are 的时状语从句。主句中 reach,pick,withdraw 为并列 谓语动词,意为“一旦发现,我必须伸手到底下摘西红柿,然后缩回来,而不把用这么昂贵的方式得来的 奖品弄丢”。 例 5 is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, It although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 析: 此句夹杂较复杂的句型结构。 although 引导的让步状语从句中, 主干部分为 just about anyone can tell you that…在 that 引导的宾语从句中又含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。句意:由于因特网的使用。计算机 所使用的纸张的数量是很难衡量的,然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人都能告诉你。当引进电子邮件后,打 印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于越来越多的使用因特网。 例 6 Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundlesor struggling with their ballalators through the circle, These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of. 析:后句包含两个定语从句,一个是由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 words;一个是由 that 引导 的定语从句修饰 things and ideas。该句意为:这些字是我编造的,必定代表我们没有想到的事物和主意。 二、抓主干、剔从句 抓主干、 一个句子的支架就是句中的谓语动词。根据英语中五种基本句型结构,把句子中的主语、宾语、表语 等主要成分找出来,其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然易于理解。一些长句其实就是一个由主句 和若干个状语从句组成的一个多层次主从复合句,一定要搞清主句和状语从句之间的逻辑关系,只要把逻 辑关系搞清楚了,则长难句就好对付了。如果把各个从句剔出来单独理解,再把大意拼凑起来,构成整个 长句的意思,就可降低长句的理解难度。如: 例 1 One tiny 9 inch-plant bought for $ 1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. (2005 全国 I 卷 E 篇) 析: 句子主干部分为 one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and…。 bought 短语、 covering 短语分别作定语和状语。句意:一个在春天时花$1.25 买的九英寸植物已经接管了我的玫瑰苗圃, 覆盖了我的其他植物。正在向前门发展。 例 2Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. (2005 全国 I 卷 D 篇 1 析:句子主干部分为 Lewis found that…,在 that 引导的宾语从句中,含有两个 who 引导的定语从句。 修饰 the oldest child 和 the youngest。句意:莱温斯发现在有三、四个孩子的家庭里,晚餐的谈话焦点往往 是年龄最大和最小的孩子。最大的总是有许多的东西要说,而最小的则需要最多的关照。 例 3 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.. (NMET2002 春招 D 篇) 析:第一个 that 引出宾语从句,第二个 that 引出定语从句。第三个 that 引出同位语从句。句意:Pasteur 发现 (宾语从句) 在酒发酵之后,再加温几分钟,能杀死残留在酒中的酵母(定语从句),其结果能使酒的保 鲜时间更长(同位语从句。 例 4 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old boy who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation.(NMET2002 春招 E 篇) 析:在这个句子中,what 引出主语从句。who 引出定语从句,is 后用 that 引出两个并列表语从句。句 意:关于那个救了他的命的 19 岁的人 (定语从句) winter 知道的仅仅是,(主语从句) 他死于一场车祸(表语 从句 1),他的家人尊重他的意愿把他的器官捐献出来,用于移植(表语从句 2)。 例 5 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able t study at the Ecole polytechnique. (NMET2003C 篇) 析:句子主干部分为 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,过去分词短语 put forward by…作状语,现在分词短语 including…作定语,短语中含有两个由 wh0 引导的定语从句。句意: 这个定理.先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难。包括一位法国女科 学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习曾女扮男装。 三、抓关键词 关键词即为含有句子主要意思的关键信息,抓住关键词读者可以快速抓住该句大意和理解线索。 例 1 Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet,whether it be cat, dog or snake! (NMET2003C 篇) 析:关键词:fans…爱好者.whether…or…无论是……还是……句意:来自动物医院(这个电视节目)的故 事(这本书),将使这个电视节目的爱好者以及对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类宠物有浓厚兴趣的任何人感到高 兴。 例 2After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure. 析:句中含两个分词短语,关键词 state“表明”。句意:在他们逗留之后。所有的游客都会收到一份生 存证明记录他们的成功.也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时,他们会得到一份证明.表明他们曾尝试过冒 险。

英语四六级长难句结构分析经典一百句

1、although

引导的让步状语从句,表示“虽然,纵然”之意。一般可与yet,

still

或nevertheless连用,但不能与but连用。值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多。

2、

the

most

important

thing

是主语,about

this

new

type

of

pineapple

介词短语作定语修饰thing

,that

引导的宾语从句,we

had

known其实是省了that

的定语从句,修饰它前面的the

his-and-miss

pineapples

英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在

市场 上为 那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with

the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their

incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce

it.

[参考译文] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲望和个人想化

其收 入效 用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么 应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit

more consumers to buy the product.

[参考译文] 另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商

能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多 的消 费者购买产品。

4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a

product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

[参考译文] 在美国经济中,私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权, 也指其他一些特定的权利,

如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单 位) 自由签定合同的权利。

5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的,哪些员工工作效率最 高,这样就能相应地做出人

员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找 到那些拥有优先权的顾客。

6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers

through the

use of computers.

[参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业,从剧院到杂志出版商,从公用燃气电 力设施到牛奶处理厂,都

通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的 服务。

7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

[参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能,

他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

[参考译文] 在过去的30年中,公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的

情绪,那就是所有的公民,不管其情况有多 特殊,都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

[参考译文] 它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去,因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国

内市场,同时也使以具有竞争力的价格 提供出口变得可能。

10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

[参考译文] 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件,没有任何一个正式的广 告商敢于推销一种商

品却不能兑现其在广告中的。

11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly

persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.

[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言,如果这不是完全不 可能达到的,也是非

常难做的,因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样 的细节都会具有微妙的说 服意味,

那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人 会关注它。

12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.

[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们,成绩进步的学生,学会了一门新语言的外 国人一 一这些都是那

些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。

13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that

information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区,离开他们多年的朋友和扩展 的家庭关系,非正式的

信息 流动被切断了,随之而去的是对在需要时能获得 可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。

14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated,

time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.

[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多,而找到与 他/她的特定问题相关

的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时,有时甚至令 人难以招 。

15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference

site.

[参考译文] 通过远程会议,专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享,而争论 的问题能够得到解决,

同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个 遥远的开会地点。

16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.

[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结 构,在这个结构里面善于

竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜 一筹。

17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候,可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教 育、经 验和其他资

格是不是值得他雇用你,而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联

的方式被展示出来。

18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in

Britain.

[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来, 至少目前 会这样,但是

它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国 上下 的讨论话题。

19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的,政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人 一包括普通的听

众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里,甚至说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。

20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术 要求, 并且它(这种变

化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的 创业者之后的 第二代和第三代人 ( 领导公

司)的时候,经常会毁掉那些 家族公 司的财富。

21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

[参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数 量和他们作为一个阶级

的重要 性,这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一 个 因素,这种财富不但远离了土 地和土

地拥有者的责任,而且几乎同样与 公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。

22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

[参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多 的"舒 适"阶级提供居住

场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作,他们除了 分红和偶尔参加一 下股东大会,向管理层

口授一下自己的命令之外,跟 社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

[参考译文] 这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想 和需 求一无所知,而

且他们 对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

[参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接, 但是就连 他对工人们也

没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消 失的古 老家族公司的那种更加家 长式的制度下

的雇主们却常常对他们的工 人有 这样的私人关系。

25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.

[参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中,我将挑选出这些:这个国家优秀的小学教 育:欢 迎新技术

的劳动者们:奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在 对 那些技术性事物的非 言语的、"空

间性的"思考方面的天赋。

26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal

process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".

[参考译文] 正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样:"一个技术专家思考那些不能被 简化成 能被清楚的语言

描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉 的、 非语言表述的过程宋处理

的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中 装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。"

27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".

[参考译文] 罗伯特?法欧特曾经这样写到:"一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、 楔子、 轮子等等当中,就

像 一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中,把这些字母看 成 自己思想的展示,在这样的

展示中,每种新的次 序安排都传达了--种新 的思想。"

28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,

the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

[参考译文] 在最后三章中,他脱下手套,将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。 他描述了他 们的活动和战

术,而且,对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;

熟悉的人来 说,神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不

快的诧 异。

29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

[参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上,史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道: "这本书本 身就代表

理性。"而它 确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造 论/地化 论之间的辩论中的惟一

评判标准的话,一切就都好办了。

30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the

lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论,澳大利 亚北 部地区成了世界

上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立 法 *。

31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the

tide is unlikely to turn back.

[参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气,但是其他一些机构,包括教堂,倡导 生命之 权的团体和澳大利

亚医 学协会,尖锐地抨击这个法案,指责法案的通 过 过于匆忙。但是大势已定,不可逆转。

32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal

with euthanasia.

[参考译文] 在澳大利亚--人口老龄化,延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度, 这 些因素都在发挥作用

一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。

33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves

comment.

[参考译文] 当然,例外是存在的。在美国,心胸狭窄的官员,粗鲁的传者, 和没有 礼貌的出租车司机

也 并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见, 这 使得它值得被讨论一下。

2013年全国卷一英语作文题目及标准范文

英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

 一个英语句子之所以难以理解,有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开,且插在一个句子中间,使本来完整的句子被断开,因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难句的基本方法是:首先,判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后,找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语,再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。

 一、处理长难句的原则方法

 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句,可这样处理:跳读修饰成分,迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来,我们便可以将长句化为短句,将难句化为易句。具体步骤是:先跳读修饰成分或附加成分,找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句,可这样处理:先找出其中的并列连词,然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系,是因果关系还是转折关系等,最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。

 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,可这样处理:先分清主句与从句,然后弄清从句的性质,即弄清它是什么从句。

 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,可这样处理:先分清主句与从句,然后弄清名词性从句,还是状语从句,或是定语从句。注意,弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。

 另外,有一点要提醒同学们,在处理长难句时,如果既能正确理解句意,又能将其准确地译成中文,那是最好了。但是,对于有些长难句,要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难,此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了,如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文,不仅会浪费时间,而且在许多情况也没有必要。

 二、经典高考真题实例分析

 下面这篇文章共有194个单词,却只有9个句子,平均每个句子大约有22个单词,是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。

 A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second?and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island?is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.

 解题分析

 1. 跳读插入语:请看文章第一段的'第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干:Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿);第二步理解附加的插入语部分:a 38-square-mile island(该岛面积为38平方英里,而且这是吉尼斯记录之一),这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。

 2. 跳读非谓语动词短语:我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语,找出主干:the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土,人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语:Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810(这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的,Tristan da Cunha1810年开始有人居住)。通过这样分解难度,我们读得轻松,理解得准确。

 3. 跳读分隔现象:请看文章第二段,这一段有35个单词,却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象,又包含了定语从句,又有一个同位语,而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解,未免有点繁杂,抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容,同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句,找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序:Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿);然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分:Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿,它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里,在南美西面2,300英里。

 4. 跳读定语从句:定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的,有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词,与之关系非常密切,阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系,跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义,确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句:who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系:不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切,主要起补充说明作用,它可能出现在主句中间,也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中,阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解,也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾,那阅读时很方便,看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了,因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句:for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年,使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。

求2013湖北高考英语完形填空及阅读理解的翻译(完形要填词后的完整翻译)

2013?课标全国卷Ⅰ书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信,告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会,带去他想要的那幅中国画,同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明:

李明:高个子,戴眼镜

航班号:CA985

到达:8月6日上午11:30

注意:1. 词数100左右

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3. 开头语和介绍语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,

How are you doing?___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

参考范文

Dear Peter,

How are you doing?

I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.

Also, I’d like you to do me a favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is the first visit to the U.S.? Thank you in advance!

His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11:30 am. August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in blue jacket.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

2013年全国卷一英语作文题目及标准范文

2013?课标全国卷Ⅰ书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华.请你给笔友Peter写封信,告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会,带去他想要的那幅中国画,同时询问他是否可以接机.信中还需说明:李明:高个子,戴眼镜航班号:CA985到达:8月6日上午11:30注意:1. 词数100左右2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3. 开头语和介绍语已为你写好.Dear Peter,How are you doing?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua参考范文Dear Peter,How are you doing?I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and I've asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you've asked for before.Also, I'd like you to do me a favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is the first visit to the U.S.? Thank you in advance!His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11:30 am. August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in blue jacket.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua

2018全国卷3英语作文范文

高考英语作文可以在新浪爱文资料里搜索高分模版,提分轻松又快捷!另外,向您推荐: 艺考生的救命稻草! 突破130分,快速提高30分的锦囊妙计! 6步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题,一般人不告诉他(她)! 2013吴军高考英语阅读理解3天提分秘术 众说周知,得阅读、完形者得天下! 文章看没看懂不重要,关键是要选对! 高考英语阅读的核心暗示点:词和短语! 题目(或题干)有暗示,秘笈为你精准导航! 选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系,3天帮您梳理! 速度比完美更重要,思路比题海要有效! 2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术, 既不是神人的牛B押题,也不是最牛高考班的密卷!而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从2000-2012年2700多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀! 2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案,而不是如同上大课般的名师讲座光盘(如高分突破,提分宝典,四步兵法,高频考点等),你可以站着,躺着,甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学! 立竿见影!以一顶百!9年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上,20%参阅了132种全国知名高考英语教案或资料(如:新东方,张清波,北京四中李俊和,管卫东,提分宝典,高频考点等)。

但发现很多名师教案与高考提分关联度小,因为相当一部分名师只是把自己在考研和雅思领域的研究成果生搬硬套到高考英语教学中(讲述的高频词汇严重超纲,甚至是大学6级的),而不是深入到2700篇历届阅读真题中潜心研究,效果可想而知。

还有些重点高中一线老师,将自己上课用的教案制作成光盘用以贩卖,其实质不过是高频考点和词汇的串讲,有的甚至用35%的篇章讲述如何记忆单词,而广告却说是提分秘笈,真是让人遗憾! 好消息!吴军老师2012高考英语3天提分秘诀仅释放了其30%的功力,就达到了90%以上的客户满意度,为了配合文科其他科目的上市,2013年吴军高考英语将释放其70%的功力,2013年高考英语提分速度和幅度将再升一倍,看完下列示例后,还不赶紧抢购呀! 目录: 一、2013阅读吴军猜题秘术: 备选项高频答案特征 二、2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀: 备选项高频答案词 三、擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码 四、阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则 五、阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀 六、阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律 希望给您带来帮助!

2014

2018年高考语文考试已经结束,以下为2018年全国卷II高考作文题 (适用地区:甘肃、青海、内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏、新疆、陕西、重庆、海南) 。

二战期间战斗机防护,多数人认为,应该在机身中弹多的地方加强防护。

但有一位专家认为,应该注意防护弹痕少的地方。

如果这部分有重创,后果会非常严重。

而往往这部分数据会被忽略。

事实证明,专家是正确的。

请考生结合材料进行分析。

自定立意、自拟标题,写一段作文。

...

全国卷最近10年考的英语作文

题目 阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。

据近期一项对来华留学生的调查,他们较为关注的“中国关键词”有:一带一路、大熊猫、广场舞、中华美食、长城、共享单车、京剧、空气污染、美丽乡村、食品安全、高铁、移动支付。

请从中选择两三个关键词来呈现你所认识的中国,写一篇文章帮助外国青年读懂中国。

要求选好关键词,使之形成有机的关联;选好角度,明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭,不少于800字。

各省2013年的高考作文题目?

1.全国卷(新课标) 经验与勇气 一位商人得到一块价值不菲的宝石,但却发现宝石上有一条裂缝,如果能从裂缝处切开,就能得到两块完美的宝石。

许多老工匠不敢尝试,这时,一位年轻工匠勇敢的站了出来,并且完美的切割出了两块宝石。

有时不仅需要足够的经验,更需要抛却许多顾虑的勇气。

请根据以上材料作文,写一篇作文。

2.北京卷 爱迪生如何看待手机 材料作文,两个科学家对话,爱迪生回到21世纪,他对手机怎么看,不少于800字,题目自拟。

3. 江西卷 学生有三怕:奥数、英文、周树人 “中学时代,学生有三怕:一怕奥数,二怕英语,三怕周树人,但有些学生却喜欢前面的‘两怕’。

”这一现象阐述自己的观点,可以议论,也可以记叙,题目自拟,字数700。

4.广东卷 以“捐助”为题作文 一个人白手起家,成了富翁。

他为人慷慨,热心慈善事业。

一天,他了解到有三个贫困家庭,生活难以为继。

他同情这几个家庭的处境,决定向他们提供捐助。

一家十分感激,高兴地接受了他的帮助;一家犹豫着接受了,但声明一定会偿还;一家谢谢他的好意,但认为这是一种施舍,拒绝了。

5.安徽卷 为什么能或不能这样 “一般人只看到已经发生的事情而说为什么如此呢?我却梦想从未有过的事物,并问自己为什么不能呢?——萧伯纳 ”谈对这段话的理解和看法。

题目自拟,800字 6.上海卷 更重要的事 生活中,大家往往努力做自己认为重要的事情,但世界上似乎总还有更重要的事,这种现象普遍存在,人们对此的思考也普遍相同,请选取一个角度,写一篇文章,谈谈你的思考。

7.湖南卷 作文是二选一:它被天边的彩云所吸引,奋力飞腾,寒冷、饥寒、风雨都无法阻止它,它毅然决然地向上飞,飞上高山之巅,它已精疲力竭,伤痕累累,一个声音问,值得吗?天地苍茫、彩云缭绕,它内心充实而满足,喃喃地答道:我愿意! 父亲的书桌对面有一把小椅子,儿子坐在那里陪伴回家在桌子前剪报的父亲,父子俩没有说话,静静相对,儿子望着父亲祥和的面容,心里充溢着宁静的幸福。

父亲,您辛苦了,能这样陪陪您,我真的很愿意。

根据上面两则材料,结合自己的感受和思考,任选角度、自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的记叙文或议论文。

8.江苏卷 探险者与蝴蝶 一群探险者去山洞探险,进入后点燃蜡烛,发现有一群蝴蝶,于是退出去了。

过了一段时间,探险者们再次进入,却发现蝴蝶飞到山洞深处了。

作文要求考生根据一点点细微的变化,材料作文,自定主题。

9.浙江卷 三句话看青春。

丰子恺说,孩子的眼光是直线的,不会转弯的。

英国作家说,为什么人的年龄在延长,少男少女的心灵却在提前硬化。

美国作家说,世界将失去海底王国,一般失去伟大的王国就是成人。

根据材料作文。

10.福建卷 根据一首现代长诗,写一篇不少于800字的作文,这首诗歌是顾城的《忧天》,内容为 “我仰望着夜空, 感到一阵惊恐; 如果地球失去引力, 我就会变成流星, 无依无附在天宇飘行。

哦,不能!为了拒绝这种‘自由’, 我愿变成一段树根, 深深地扎进地层”。

行文要求为文体不限,诗歌除外,800字以上。

11.山东卷 根据“一专栏给莫言等很多作家的作品挑错别字,他们虚心接受”的情况,自选角度撰文。

材料为“一个刊物上有个咬文嚼字的专栏给莫言等很多作家的作品挑错别字,他们虚心接受”,要求考生根据这段材料自选角度撰文,要求文章800字以内。

12.重庆卷 (以美食为材料)大豆是蛋白质含量极其丰富而又十分廉价的食物,可它的境遇曾一度尴尬,煮熟的大豆难以引起人们的食欲,并且会使肠胃胀气。

人们需要更好的大豆食用方式,后来,盐卤点制豆浆而发明了豆腐。

豆腐的诞生彻底改变了大豆的命运。

豆腐让人体对大豆蛋白的吸收和利用,变得更加容易;豆腐柔软变通的个性给擅长烹饪的中国人留有极大的创造空间,豆腐也因此被制出品类繁多的菜肴,以适应不同地区人们的口味和喜好。

所有这些,让普通的大豆得到了升华。

要求:1.结合材料的内容和含义,选准角度,明确立意2.自拟标题,自选文体(诗歌除外),不少于800字3.不得套作,不得抄袭。

13.四川卷 以“过一个平衡的生活”为话题,自拟题目。

14.辽宁卷 沙子和珍珠 一位年轻人事业无成非常郁闷,一天他在海滩上遇到一位老人。

老人抓起一把沙子扔在沙滩上,问“你能找到吗?”,年轻人说不能。

老人又抓起一颗珍珠扔在沙滩上,问“这回呢?”,年轻人说能。

年轻人恍然大悟,一个人,只有做珍珠才能得到别人的认可。

材料作文。

15.天津卷 2013年天津卷高考作文题为“以 ‘___而知之’(填入一个字,学字除外)为题,写一篇文章”。

16.湖北卷 材料作文:装鲜牛奶的容器一般是方盒子,装矿泉水的容器一般是圆瓶子,装酒的圆瓶子又一般放在方盒子里,方圆之间,各得其妙,古诗云:方圆虽异器,功用信具呈。

人生也是如此,所谓:上善若水任方圆。

以方圆为话题,根据此材料,题目自拟写作文。

17.全国卷(大纲版) 高中学习阶段,你一定在班集体里度过了美好的时光,收获了深厚的情谊,同窗共读,互相帮助,彼此激励,即使是一次不愉快的争执,都给你留下难忘的记...

The marathon is a long-distance foot race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26 miles and 385 yards),that is usually run as a road race.The event was instituted in memoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides,a messenger from the Battle of Marathon (the namesake of the race) to Athens.The historical accuracy of this legend is in doubt,contradicted by accounts given by Herodotus,in particular....

转载请注明出处作文大全网 ? 2013年全国卷一英语作文题目及标准范文

英语长难句分析

第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Zigfried, a little mouse, blew his breath on the frosty window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside. Still nobody came. Maybe today, he thought 31 . It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle (奇迹)。

This farmhouse had been 32 too long. It needed a family. Zigfried’s

33 made a noise. He realized that he hadn’t eaten anything since yesterday. He jumped from the windowsill (窗沿), grabbed a 34 from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mike’s。

Farmer Mike’s house had been a great place for the little mouse 35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 36 when he thought of it. He looked around cautiously as he 37 into the room where grain was stored and was quite 38 as he filled his bag with wheat. He was turning to leave when suddenly he 39 a hot breath about his ear. His heart beat 40 , and without thinking he started to run and luckily 41 the cat’s paws (爪子)。

The next afternoon Zigfried heard some good news: a 42 family would be moving into the farmhouse soon. Zigfried’s granny would arrive on Christmas Eve to

43 with him. He hoped that the family would come before his granny came. Before long, a car came 44 the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate。

Zigfried’s Christmas miracle did arrive!

The house came 45 the next few days. Zigfried 46 every single hour of them. 47 , the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48 smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49 of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The 50 froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open. After a long while, he at last found his voice: “Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this?”

31. A. carefully B. excitedly C. hopefully D. proudly

32. A. shabby B. noisy C. messy D. empty

33. A. mouth B. nose C. stomach D. throat

34. A. bag B. stick C. bowl D. coat

35. A. although B. until C. whereas D. unless

36. A. leapt B. sniffed C. trembled D. withdrew

37. A. broke B. marched C. paced D. stole

38. A. curious B. nervous C. pitiful D. sensible

39. A. took B. released C. felt D. drew

40. A. strongly B. irregularly C. slowly D. wildly

41. A. escaped B. seized C. rubbed D. scratched

42. A. close B. happy C. new D. young

43. A. celebrate B. communicate C. compete D. compromise

44. A. across B. from C. off D. up

45. A. alive B. loose C. open D. still

46. A. counted B. enjoyed C. missed D. wasted

47. A. However B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore

48. A. bitter B. forced C. polite D. satisfied

49. A. introduction B. discussion C. comment D. debate

50. A. blood B. smile C. tear D. sweat

用下面是从往届全国高考试题中摘录的一个例句,用以逐步说明如何分析长难句:

First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.

第一步:围绕动词用扒皮法(或者叫做拆分法)找出本句的主体结构。

1. 围绕动词(包括非谓语动词)进行层层扒皮:

* 第一个动词 put forward 前没有自身的主语,说明由它构成的短语是非谓语动词过去分词,属于句子的附加成分;

* 第二个动词 had baffled and beaten (已经阻挡和挫败了) 前面存在名词 the theorem (该定理),可知它们共同构成独立的句子;

* 第三个动词 including 也没有自身的主语,根据已掌握的知识可以判断出该动词是转化为介词的现在分词,也属于附加成分;

* 后面跟在 a French woman scientist(法国女科学家)后的两个用 and 连接的主要动词 made (a major advance) 和 had to dress 前都有关系代词 who,可知它们是定语从句,也属于附加成分;

* 另外的两个 in working out 和 in order to be able to study 可以从结构上看出分别是“介词 + 动名词”和“in order + 不定式”。

第二步:解决主要矛盾,即围绕主体结构(即主句)分析其前后附加成分的语法功能。

* 本长句的主句(主体结构)是 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds(主谓宾结构)意思是“该定理阻挡并挫败了最杰出的数学头脑”,用符合汉语习惯的说法就是“该定理使得最杰出的数学头脑感到迷惑不解,并让他们举足无措”。

* 主句前的过去分词短语 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,经分析可知它的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 the theorem,即“十七世纪被法国数学家 Pierre de Formta 提出来的”,很明显这个状语说明“定理”提出的来以后,是主句的时间状语。

* 主句后的现在分词短语 including a French woman scientist ...(包括一个法国女科学家)是主句的陪衬性状语,起补充说明作用作杰出的科学家。

第三步:解决次要矛盾;

一个句子不仅仅主句带有附加成分,有时候附加成分中另外还套有附加成分,比如本例举就是如此,including...短语中还叠套了两个层次的附加成分:

1. 第一层: 先行词 French woman scientist 后带有 由关系代词 who 引导的两个并列定语从句;

* who made a major advance in working out the problem,

* and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.

2. 第二层:每个从句中分别还孕含了一个非谓语动词构成的短语:

* 介词 + 动名词:in working out the problem,用作 advance 的方面状语,即“在解决这个难题方面”。

* 目的状语:in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique. 即“为了能够在伊科尔理工学院研究”。

归纳上述的分析方法,提供三句口诀供你参考:

围绕动词,拆分扒皮;

找出主干,理清关系;

从主到次,逐层分析。

参考译文如下:

十七世纪法国数学家感到不得要领而束手无策,其中包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,为了能够在伊科尔理工学院研究她还不得不女扮男装。

以上回答你满意么?

文章标签: # the # to # and