高考虚拟语气真题及解析_高考虚拟语气真题

1.虚拟语气用法总结

2.2017年成人高考《英语》语法误用：虚拟语气

3.高考英语语法:2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气

4.高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理的wish和as if

5.历年高考英语真题advise怎么考

6.强调句型总结

7.急求 虚拟语气的问题！高考求助

一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实

二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念

虚拟语气的用法

一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形

1.表示祝愿

a. Long live our country.

b. May you succeed.

c. May you be hy all your life.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody lee the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.

b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.

c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.

e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + he done的形式

a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should he gone to the party.

b. I would he checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.

c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not he failed in the exam.

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形

a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.

b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.

d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首

a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.

b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could he caught the train.

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

a. You could he done it yourself (if you had wanted to).

b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).

c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)

d. If you could he seen the wonderful film!

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.

b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

4.设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句

a. What would you do with a million dollars?

b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.

c. We could he done better with more money.

d. He would he given you more help, but he has been so busy.

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.

b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should he done表示过去情况

a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.

b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.

c. It was very strange that he should he left without say goodbye.

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.

b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.

c. I wish I could help you.

d. I wish I were young.

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.

b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

a. I wish the prices would come down.

b. I wish you would help me.

c. I wish he would be more careful.

d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.

2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式

a. I suggested that we should go there at once.

b. I demand that he should answer me at once.

c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.

d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.

与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形

a. The black people made a strong demand that the ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.

b. Their demand is that the should take steps to change the unfair situation.

c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should he a map.

d. His suggestion was that everybody should he a map.

八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式

a. It is time we got up.

九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同

a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)

b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)

c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)

十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式

a. I would rather he came next Saturday.

b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.

c. I would rather that he painted the house blue

虚拟语气用法总结

It is high time that：现在是……的时候了，是时候……

虚拟语气了解一下，高考和FCE的重难点

这里是虚拟语气的一种应用，在用虚拟语气虚拟现在及将来的情况时，从句谓语用过去式！

且be动词必须用were，比如I were ，the article were 或it were。

总结：①用过去式表示现在和将来！！！（好比主将从现中用现在时表示将来）

②be动词必须用were，无论前面是不是单数！！！

例句：It's high time that the article were published.

发表这篇文章是适时的。

这个例句没有任何问题，真的。看看下面，已经给出的正确答案几十个踩却只有不到十个捧，我都看不下去了。百度上都有，“虚拟语气”，详细请自行查询，不要让你的无知阻断他人探寻的道路。

2017年成人高考《英语》语法误用：虚拟语气

老师叮咛：李辉老师说，语法填空这种题型，考点极其固定，因为百年以来英语语法都没发生过巨大的变化。高考语法考点本来就有限，能用填空这种形式来考的语法考点就更有限了。只要掌握知识点，考试必须妥妥的！下面的虚拟语气“很重要”！经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对，无错，可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！

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一、语气概述

时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。

eg:

①He doesn ’ t see very well in his right eye. 他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气）

②He they ever been to Australia ? 他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气）

③Please read through the instruction in advance. 请先通读说明书。（祈使语气）

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二、虚拟语气概述

在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。

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三、虚拟语气的定义

如果一件事不是真实的，而是虚拟的，就在这个动词身上加一个did。

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四、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

A.由 If 引导的两种条件句：

?真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则）

非真实条件句（虚拟语气）

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以下为 If 在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法：

eg:

① If ? I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .

如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反）

② You would ?not he caught a cold if you had ? put on more clothes .

如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）

③ If I were to / should ? do i t ,I would do it in ? different way.

如果我做这件事，我将用不同的方法做。（与将来事实相反）

注意：在非正式文体中，如果 If 条件句中有助动词 were ?/ should ?/ had 可将其提于主语之前（位于句首），再把 If 省掉，即形成部分倒装。

当主从句所表示的时间不一致时，主从句按各自的时间用相应的谓语形式。

常见的有：

①If I were you ... = Were I you ... ? 如果我是你/我要是你......

? ② If it were not for ... = Were it not for ... ? 如果要不是......

? ③ If it had not been for ...=Had it not been ? for ... 如果当时要不是......

（③主句用： should ? / ? could ? / ? would ? / ? might ?+ he done 的形式，ps.在此结构中，had为助动词。若为谓语动词，则不能省略、倒装。）

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B.错综时间条件句

主句和从句不是一个时间平台，需要分别在三个时间平台里“选形式”。

从过完用had done，主过将用would do

从用should / were to，主过将完用would he done

eg:

① If the weather had been more forable ,the crops would be growing still better.

如果天气更好的话，庄稼就会长得跟好些。（从句指过去，主句指现在）

②If I were you ,I would he taken his advice.

我要是你，我就取了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）

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C.含蓄虚拟条件句（if省略句）

有时设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出了，而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were / should / had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。

(1)省略if

Step1:去掉if。

Step2:助系情提到主语之前。

? ? Were I you, I would go.

? ? Had I known about the party, I would he come.

? ? Should I go abroad, I would buy you a gift.

注意：在虚拟主句中，主语只有是第一人称时，才能用should。

(2)根本没有if

有些句子里，没有if，但是有but for（若不是）/ without / under / otherwise / but / or / but that（若不是）等，此时可把它们看做虚拟条件句，然后根据时间平台，选择主句的动词形式。

? ? Without your help, I wouldn’t he passed the exam.

= If you didn’t help me, I wouldn’t he passed the exam.

=But for your help, I would not he passed this exam.

? I don’t he your telephone number, otherwise ? / ? or I would he called you back.

= If I had your number, I would he called you back.

? ? What would you do with a million dollars?

=What would you do if you had a million dollars?

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D.wish,as if / though和 if only 用法

(1)wish用法如下：

1.表示与现在相反的愿望: 主语?+?wish?(that)...did (were)...

eg: I wish I were a bird.

2.表示与过去相反的愿望: 主语?+?wish?(that)...had done...

eg: I wish I had seen the film.

（注意：如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时，有

时也可用:主语+wish(that)...would / could he done）

3.表示与将来相反的愿望: 主语?+?wish?(that)...?could / would / might?do

eg: I wish you would do that again.

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(2)由 as if/though引导的表语从句

虚拟：同wish用法；be在第一，三人称可用were / was。

陈述：表示可能发生的几率很大或被设为真实的。

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(3)If only...引导的条件句

（常用感叹的形式）表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，主句常省略，意为：“要是 / 如果......该多好啊 / 就好了！”。（注意：“only if ...”意为：“只要......”，位于句首时用部分倒装。）

eg:

①If only I could see him once more ! ?我要是再见到他就好了！

②If only we had telephoned him in advance ! 要是事先给他打个电话就好了！

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E. Suppose / Supposing / providing / provided (that)... / what if...等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中（有时无主句），表示与现在或将来事实相反用 did ；表示与过去相反用 had done 。

eg:

①Suppose / Supposing (that) we told her the truth. ?定我们把事情的真相告诉她。

②What if you came tomorrow instead of today. ?如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢？

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F.would rather后的宾语从句：表示愿望或尚未发生的动作。

had / would sooner / rather + that...从句中意为“宁愿”，用did（be动词用were）表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用had done表示对过去的虚拟。

eg:

①She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier.

②He got drunk last night. I ’ d rather he hadn ’ t drunk so much.

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五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 （should 类虚拟语气 ）

即主句含有：建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句用 (should)+V 原/ should he done的形式。但注意，若从句中含有“竟然，惊讶，诧异 ” 之意时， “ should ” 则不可以省。

（常见简记：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） 其他同下述用法：urge / propose

insist

order / command

advise / suggest / recommend +(that) sb. (should) do

ask / require / request / demand

eg:

①The teacher suggested that we (should) make good use of every minute.?

②He ordered that all the book (should) be sent at once.

③She insisted that she (should) go to the south for her holiday.

注意：

六、 副词性从句中的虚拟语气

A.as if / though用法

虽同wish，但也有一些区别，如下：

as if / though从句时态不受主句限制 。

①在谈论现在情形时用一般过去时。

②在谈论过去情形时用：

Ⅰ.一般过去时：表示过去当时存在的某种状态，但若状态动词后带有持续的时间状语，则要用过去完成时。

eg:

①They talked as if they had been friends for years. ?他们谈起话来，好像是多年的朋友。

②He looked at me as if I were mad. 他看着我，好像我疯了似的。

Ⅱ.过去完成时： 表过去的动作先于主句而发生，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的谓语动词也要用 had done。

eg: It seems as if it had gone bad.它闻起来好像坏了。

③在谈论将来情形时用： would (could/might)+do

B.in case / lest / for fear that表“以防，以免”等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气，其后的形为：(should)+

V原 （但注意in case 句中的should通常不省）。若不用虚拟也可用陈述，即用： 一般现在时或过去时。

C.even if / though “ 即使/纵然/虽然 ”

虚拟：同 if 用法相同。（方法：主句含有情态动词的过去式）

陈述：表示真实情况。

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七、形容词性从句中的虚拟语气

八、 虚拟语气固定句型

1. Would you mind+主语 + 谓语虚拟？ 您是否介意 …?

2. would rather (that) 主语 + 谓语虚拟 宁愿 …

3. It is high time that sb. d id ? / ? (should) do sth. ? 到某人做某事的时间

4. It is necessary ? / ? important ? / ? essential ? / ? strange ? / ? natural ? /

advisable ?/ surprising ?that sb. (should) do sth .

5. It is a pity ? / ? duty ? / ? shame ? / ? regret that sb. (should) do sth.

6 But for ? / ? Without ? + ? sth. ? +主语+谓语虚拟 要不是…

7. If only+主语 + 谓语虚拟 ? 要是…就好了！

8.主句+ as if ? / ? as though +主语+谓语虚拟 ? 就好像…

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九、情态动词+he done

could / mig ht he done ? 本来能做却没做

s hould ? / ? ought to he done ? 本该做而实际上没做（抱怨和责备） ?

should not / ought ?not to he done 本不该做而做了

needn ’ t he done 本不必做而做了

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十、虚拟语气的其他用法

(1)表示过去本打算做而实际上没有做。

句型：had done (be / intend / think / mean / plan / hope etc) to do

?= V-ed + to he done ,would love / like to he done

(2)had hoped表过去未实现的愿望，译为“要想，希望 … ”，从句谓语常用“would +V原”。

eg: He had hoped that the family would come before his granny came.———2013年湖北高考

(3)may(might) as well + V原 ，译为“不妨，倒不如”，表示劝说、建议、劝告。

若其后带有某种消极情绪时，常用：might.

[if !supportLists](4)?[endif] 表示祝愿、命令的简单句中。常用“may +主语+动词原形”。

eg:

①Long may you live.

②May you he a good journey!

(5)表示对过去事情的懊悔时，谓语用“should + he + 过去分词”。

eg: You should he returned the money to Mary.

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十一、 虚拟语气解题常用技巧

1.找固定句型 。

2.主过将从过 ； 主过将完从过完 。

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十二、虚拟用法形式总结

含三种：

①所有含if的从句（除what if … 外）。

②wish从句。

含两种：

①某些特殊连词后的条件句。

②what if … 从句。

③would rather从句。

④定从中的虚拟。

含一种：

①含蓄虚拟语气（情+he done / do）。

②名词性从句（除 wish 外）与表“ 以防 ”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。

高考英语语法:2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气

1、中文：我要是你，我不会那么做。

　(误)I shouldn"t do that if I was you.

　(正)I shouldn"t do that if I were you.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was，只能用were.)

　2、中文：要是我父亲现在在这里，他会告诉我该做什么。

　(误)If my father were here now，he will tell me what to do.

　(正)If my father were here now，he would tell me what to do.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的助动词只能用would，might等过去时。)[环球网校成人高考频道整理虚拟语气误用]

　3、中文：要是我知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打电话了。

　(误)If I knew her telephone number，I would he called her.

　(正)If I had known her telephone number，I would he called her.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)

　4、中文：要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。

　(误)If it had not rained yesterday，he might come.

　(正)If it had not rained yesterday，he might he come.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might，could等+HAVE+过去分词。)

　5、中文：我不认为我会失败，但要是我失败了，我会再努力。

　(误)I don"t think that I shall fail. But if I failed，I would try again.

　(正)I don"t think that I shall fail. But if I should fail，I would try again.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理的wish和as if

《2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气》由英语我整理,更多请访问:s://.liuxue86/english/。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

1、If 条件句

If I were you, I would lee now.

If you had asked me yesterday, I could he told you.

If it should rain tomorrow, we couldn?t climb.

NOTICE:错综时间条件句（根据所表示的时间调整）

If you had followed me, you wouldn?t miss the train now.

2、主语从句中的虚拟

①It is (was) important (necessary, strange ) that-clause

It?s necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting.

②It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that-clause

It was ordered that the room (should) be cleaned.

3、wish + that-clause

①现在的愿望：I wish that you weren?t so lazy.

②过去的愿望：I wish that you hadn?t hurt Jim so much.

③将来的愿望：I wish you wouldn?t talk like that.

--- He you ever studied French ?

--- No, but I wish I had.

4、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟

通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起：order, demand, suggestion

He ge orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.

His suggestion is that the house (should) be built there.

5、宾语从句中的虚拟

下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气：demand, insist, order, require, etc.

The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punished.

NOTICE: ①suggest ?暗示，表明?

Her expression suggested that he was angry.

②insist ?坚持认为是怎么回事?

The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.

He insisted that John (should) do it.

6、状语从句中的虚拟

①as if (though)

与现在相反，从句用过去时

He talks as if he knew everything.

与过去相反，从句用过去完成时

He looks (looked) as if she had wept.

客观事实，从句用陈述句语气

It looks as if you are tired.

②so that, even if (though)

Nothing could he sed him even if he had been tended .

7、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气

①without : Without your help, I shouldn?t get a result.

②but for?若非?： But for you, we couldn?t he carried out the plan.

8、句型

①It?s time + that-clause (指现在或将来）

It?s time that you went to school .( should go to school)

②would rather + that-clause（指现在或将来）

I?d rather you went home now.

Don?t come tomorrow, I?d rather you came next week.

③what if 如果? 怎么办?

What if they should come here ?

9、虚拟语气的倒装

Were I you, I would lee now.

Had you asked me yesterday, I could he told you.

Should it rain tomorrow, we couldn?t climb.

《2010年高考英语语法精讲二十八 虚拟语气》由英语我整理,更多请访问:s://.liuxue86/english/

历年高考英语真题advise怎么考

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）

例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。

We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + he + 过去分词或had + 过去分词

例如：I wish that you hadcome yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。

I wish that I could he gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。

3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词

例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。

I wish that someday I should live on the moon.

We wish that they would come soon.

II. ASif 引出的虚拟。

As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if……。 (就好象是……)

As if + 从句， 主句。 （好像…… Sb.+ do…）表达一种设的条件。而 As if 之后的设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。

L. 33 A Day to Remember 中原句， “As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。

注：Something is to hened，I'm to face it。

强调句型总结

1. advise + 名词 / 代词 例如：

Li Ming advised a swim after school. 李明建议放学以后去游泳。

She will advise you about the right thing to do. 她会帮你出主意该怎么办。

What would you advise ? 你有什么建议？

2. advise + sb. + 不定式短语

在这个句式中，不定式短语作 advise 的宾语补足语。例如：

He often advised people to use their brains . 他常常劝人多用脑子。

His wife advised him to give up smoking , but he wouldn't. 他妻子劝他把烟戒了，但他不肯。

We strongly advised him not to do such a thing . 我们竭力劝他不要这样做。

3. advise + sb. + 特殊疑问词 + 不定式短语

在这个句式中，“特殊疑问词 + 不定式短语”作 advise 的宾语补足语。例如：

She advised them how to solve the problem . 她给他们出主意怎样解决这个问题。

He advised her what to do with family problems. 他建议她该怎样处理家庭纠纷。

Will you advise me which one to buy ? 请你能否告诉我该买哪一个？

4. advise + 动名词 例如：

I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter. 我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。

He advised her paying attention to her pronunciation. 他建议她注意发音。

We advised them starting out at once. 我们建议他们立即启程。

5. advise on sth. 或 advise sb. on sth. 例如：

He often advises on this project. 他经常就此项工程提出建议。

Will you advise on the plan ? 关于这项，请你提提意见好吗？

They often advise us on our work . （ =They often give us some advice on our work. ）他们经常就我们的工作给我们提建议。

6. advise + sb. +against + doing sth. 例如：

The lawyers he advised us against signing the contract. （ =The lawyers he advised us not to sign the contract. ）律师建议我们不要签订这个合同。

The teacher advised the student against dropping out of school . （ =Th e teacher advised the student not to drop out of school. ）老师劝那个学生不要退学。

7. advise + 宾语从句

advise 后面接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应为虚拟语气，即用“ should + 动词原形”， should 可以省略。例如：

I advise that you (should) do it right away . 我建议你马上就做这件事情。

Please advise me whether I (should) accept the suggestion . 请你告诉我是否应该接受这项建议

急求 虚拟语气的问题！高考求助

强调句型总结

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辉哥说：强烈的欲望和企图心，足以摧毁你面前的一切障碍。有时候不是自己不行，而是自己没有把自己逼到绝路上！

[if !supportLists]一．[endif] 强调句的类型

1.对谓语动词的强调

强调谓语动词时，用“do/does/did＋动词原形”来表示，意为“确实，一定，肯定”。

如：Do be careful when crossing the street.

The train does move.

They did come to see you yesterday，but failed to meet you.

?

2. It强调句型

1）It强调句型的基本形式

It强调句型最基本的句式结构为：It be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子

被强调部分是除谓语之外的其他句子成分，可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句；当强调人时，可以用who或that；强调其他成分，则只能用that。

如：It is I who/that am right.（强调主语）

2）对not...until...结构的强调

句型为：It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。

I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.

→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

注意：强调句只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is / was not ...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。?

?

3.强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

（1） 强调句的一般疑问句的基本句型为：

Be＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分

如：Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?

（2）强调句的特殊疑问句的基本句型为：

特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that/who/whom＋句子其他成分

如：What is it that you want me to do?

注意：强调句的特殊疑问句用于名词性从句中，要用陈述语序。

I he no idea when it was that I lost my wallet.

?

4.含有情态动词的强调句的疑问句结构

（1） 一般疑问句的基本强调句型为：

情态动词或助动词＋it＋be＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分

如：Might it be in the office that she left her keys?

（2）特殊疑问句的基本强调句型为：

特殊疑问词＋情态动词或助动词＋it＋be＋that＋主语＋句子

如：Where might it be that the accident hened?

?

5.强调句型应注意的问题

(1)谓语动词人称和数的一致性。

在强调句中，如果强调的是句子的主语，其后谓语动词应和被强调部分的人称和数保持一致。

如：It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.

(2)强调时间、地点、原因、方式状语时，一律用that，不用when，where，why，how。

如：It was because he was ill that he was absent.

(3)强调句型的反意疑问句，其问句部分用isn't/wasn't it。

如：It was yesterday that he met Li Ping,wasn't it?

(4)当原因状语从句由as，since等引导时，强调原因状语应改as，since为because，即只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句。

如：It was because he didn't know much about English that he looked up the word in the dictionary.

?

?

二.灵活运用

1. ?--- Today?Mary?is?in?low?spirits. -- -?Yes,?but?she?won't?say bothers?her. A.?why?is?it?that B.?that?is?whyC.?it?is?what D.?what?it?is?that 2. --- Who?are?making?so?much?noise?in?the?garden?now? --- the?naughty?children. A.?It?is? B.?They?areC.?That?is D.?There?are 3.?It?was __ he _ ? said ? disointed?me. A.?that;what B.?what;thatC.?that;which D.?which;that 4.?It?was?only?after?he?had?read?the?papers ? Mr.?Gross?realized?the?task?was?extremely ? difficult?to?complete. A.?that B.?whenC.?which D.?what 5.Is ? it ? he ? or ? you ?i n?charge?of?the?job?and?supposed?to?complete?it?punctually? A.?who?is B.that?isC.?who?are D.?whom?are 6.?Was?it?through?Mary was?working?at?a?high?school ? you?got?to?know?Tom? A.?who;?whom B.?that;?whichC.?who;?that D.?that;?who 7.?It ' s?not?what?we?do?once?in?a?while ? shapes?our?lives,?but?what?we?do?consistently. A.?which B.?thatC.?how D.?when

[if !supportLists]8.?[endif] ?It?is?in?Canada,?where?Doctor?Bethune?was?born, the?story?of?the?book?takes?place. A.?where B.?whenC.?that D.?which 9.?It?was?in?the?lab ? was?taken?charge?of?by?Professor?Smith ? they?did?the ? experiment. A.?which;?that B.?that;?whereC.?that;?which D.?where;?that 10.?It?is?only?when?people?live? on very ?limited?diet it?is?necessary?to?make?a?special ? effort?to?supply?the?missing?vitamins. A.?so B.?thatC.?since D.?until 11.?It?is?at?Christmas ? thousands?of?young?people?go?skiing?in?the?mountain . A.?how B.?whichC.?when D.?that 12.?(2016.天津卷 ) ?You?are?waiting?at?a?wrong?place.?It?is?at?the?hotel ? the? ? picks?up?tourists. A.?who B.?whichC.?where? D.?that 13. --- ?I'm?sorry.?I?shouldn't?he?been?shouting?at?you. ---?Youyour?temper?but?that's?all?right.A.?he?lost B.?had?lost?C.?were?losing D.?did?lose 14.?It?is?what?you?think?about?not?what?you?he?or?what?you?are?doing ? makes?you?hy ? or?unhy. A.?what B.?thatC.?whether D.?when 15.?It?was?as?a?result?of?his?carelessness a?serious?fire?broke?out?during?the?night. A.?when B.?thatC.?before D.?since 16.?It?was?not?until?the?entire?river?was?covered?with?rotten?fish?which?died?from?acid?rain?that ? how?serious?the?pollution?was. A.?did?the?villagers?realize B.?made?the?villagers?realizeC.?the?villagers?realized D.?realized?the?villagers.

Answer

1.D[解析]考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：——今天玛丽情绪低落。——她不会说是的，但不会打扰她。但她不愿说出困扰她的是什么。此处动词say后面是宾语从句，引导词即起引导作用又做宾语从句的主语，宾语从句应该由what引导;同时此处又是对引导词的强调，it?is强调部分that....故选D2.?A[解析]?.

考查强调句结构。句意：一现在谁在花园里制造这么多噪音？一是淘气的孩子们。答语中只给出了被强调成分，that?/?who以及其后部分省略了。故选A。3.B[解析]句意：正是他说的话让我很失望。这是一个强调句型，"it?is/was?that..是固定搭配，"what?he?said"是被强调部分，你可以发现去掉"it?was?that后，句子仍然完整。"what?he?said做主语，主语从句中"said"缺宾语用what补足，故选B。

4.A[解析]考查强调句。句意：直到他看完这些文件，格罗斯先生才意识到完成这项任务极其艰巨。强调句结构为It?is/was?+被强调部分+that/who?+句子其他部分。本题强调状语only?after?he?had?read?the?papers故选A。5.?C

[解析]考查强调句和主谓一致。句意：是你还是他负责这个工作都应该准时完成这个工作？这是强调句的一般疑问句，因为是强调的是人，连接词用that和who都可以，由or连接两个以上主语时，动词和最接近的主语一致，由此可以排除A和B;?whom引导定语从句时在从句中作宾语，所以排除D。故C选项正确。6.?C[解析]考查定语从句及强调句。句意：你是不是通过正在高中工作的玛丽认识汤姆的？第－?－空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mary，并在从句中作主语，故用who；第二空用that，与Was?it?through?Mary起构成强调句的一般疑问形式，被强调部分是作方式状语的介词短语：through?Mary故C项正确。7.?B[解析]考查强调句。句意：并不是我们偶尔做的事情塑造我们的生活，而是我们坚持做的事情塑造我们的生活。这个句子中含有It's，?首先要考虑它是不是强调句，把It's和空格处去掉，这个句子仍然结构完整，语意清楚，所以这个句子就是强调句，所以填that,?故选B。

8.?C[解析]考查强调句。句意：在加拿大，白求恩医生出生在那里，书中的故事发生在那里。分析句子结构，可知where?Doctor?Bethune?was?born为定语从句修饰Canada。?the?story?of?the?book?takes?place?in?Canad强调in?Canada用It?is..?.that...结构。故选C项。9.?A[解析].考查限制性定语从句和强调句。句意：就是在由史密斯教授负责的实验室里，他们做的试验。第一个空格处是定语从句，先行词为the?lab,指物，且从句缺主语，故可填which或that。?第二个空格处是强调句，使用的是It?was...that句型，?去掉句型句子可还原为they?did?the?experiment?in?the?lab句子成分完整。故第二个空格处填that。故选A。10.?B[解析]考查强调句。句意：只有当人们以非常有限的饮食为生时，才有必要做出特别的努力来供应缺少的维生素。分析句子结构可知应为it?is强调时间状语+___?.+其他内容，应为强调句结构，因此所填空应为that。故选B项。11.?D[解析]考查强调句中的引导词。句意：就是在圣诞节有成千.上万的年轻人去山，上滑雪。强调句型的基本结构是It?be+被?强调部分+that?（被强调的是人可以用who)?+其它，其判断方式是：去掉“it?be...that句子完整；本题去掉it?is和空格中的词，句子可以还原为完整的句子“at?Christmas?thousands?of?young?people?go?skiing?in?the?mountain故选D。12.?D[解析]考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It?is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at?the?hotel?故选D。13.?D[解析]考查强调谓语的用法。句意：?——对不起，我不应该冲你大声喊叫。——你确实发脾气了但是没关系。分析句子可知，此处强调谓语lost，?强调谓语时，可以用do,does,did+动词原形。分析句意可知，此事已经过去了，故应用一般过去时。故应用did?lose结合选项，故选D。

14.?B[解析]考查强调句。句意：让你快乐或不快乐的，不是你拥有什么或你在做什么，而是你在想什么。分析句子结构可知，去掉It?is和空格处what?you?think?about?not?what?you?he?or?what?you?are?doing?makes?you?hy?orunhy是完整的句子，故可知此句为强调句，因为被强调的部分是事情，故空处用that，故选B。15.?B[解析]考查强调句式。句意：那晚突发大火是他疏忽的结果。通过分析句子成分可知，It?s..that..是强调句式，其中as?a?result?of?his?carelessness句中作原因状语，主句是a?serious?fire?broke?out?during?the?night符合强调句结构。故选B项。16.?C[解析]考查not?until的强调句型。句意：直到整条河里都是因酸雨而死的烂鱼，村民们才意识到污染有多严重。此处为not?until的强调句型，其基本结构为：it?is+被?强调部分+that+其余部分，不需要用倒装语序，故C项正确。

虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。

一、 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1． 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。

其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：I wish the were at home this time.

2． 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或could+现在完成时。例：I wish I hadn' t hurt him so much。

3． 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。

二、 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气

（一） 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的设

1． 与现在事实相反的设。

其句子结构为：

从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他

主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他

例：If I were you, I would go with him.

2． 与过去事实相反的设。

其句子结构为：

从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他

主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could he passed exam.

3．表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的设。

其句子结构为：

从句：If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他

主句：主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形

例：If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.

(二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式

1． 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。

If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

2． 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。

If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would he gone to see the film with you last night。

3． 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。

If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。

4．从句表示将来，主句表示现在。

If we shouldn' t he an exam this afternoon. I would go

shopping now.

三、 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气 由as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：

John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的设)

The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）

They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)

四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气

常用的此类动词有：

表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg

表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote

表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order

表示“主张”的：maintain, urge

表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist

例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.

He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.

上述动词的名词形式，demand, desire, requirment, advice, order,decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形“表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特别是美国英语，常省去“should”，例：

The advice is that we (should) lee at once.

He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly

welcomed.

五、在“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气

美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有：

表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirabl。

表示“建议”的：suggested, recommended,

表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital

表示“适当、较好”的：ropriate, advisable, better, preferable

表示“可能”的：probable, possible

表示“命令”的：ordered

例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.

It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.

六、由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气

1．“Iest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“shuld+动词原形”。

He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.

2．“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。

All things, whether you know or don' t know, exist in the world.

3．用“would rather/had rather' would just as soon"表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。

Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as

soon) you die.

I would rather you go tomorrow.

I would rather everything hadn' t hened in the past.

4．用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there,

but she said she liked to stay in China.

5．在“It is（high/about）time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。

It is hihg (about)time that we left/should lee/ had better lee/had rather lee/ were leing.(注意与“This is the first/second…time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。

6．用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）

Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.

In the absence of water and air, nothing could live

7．由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）

They are willing surrender provided they are given free

passage.

8．在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。

Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the

theatre with you.

Were it not for your help. I wouldn' t be succeed.