高三英语特殊句式,高考特殊句型

1.高中英语：高考英语常考60个句型+例句

2.高考英语作文常用的高级句型都有哪些

3.英语高考作文万能句型是什么?

4.高考英语作文的万能句型、高级句型以及高级词汇有哪些？

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词＋have ＋done"结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作"一定做了……"，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作"可能做了……"。如：

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000)

A． couldn't have attended

B． needn't have attended

C． mustn't have attended

D． shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97

A． mustn't have arrived

B． shouldn't have arrived

C． can't have arrived

D． need not have arrived （C）

2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）

本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）

（本来可以……，本来能……）

一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；

3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

" 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示"一类人"，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

注意：1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3） 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4） 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath

常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1） not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2） only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3） 在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为：

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出，比如上面的they和are要么同时省略，要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中，插入语屡见不鲜，由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确， surely无疑， however然而， obviously显然， frankly坦率地说， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely， she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.

奇怪，他未来过中国联通。更奇怪，他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately， I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say说也奇怪， needless to say不用说， most impor tant of all最为重要， worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all， you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的，你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum， in short)简而言之， in other words换句话说， in a sense在某种意义上， in general一般说来， in my view在我看来， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断)， in conclusion总之， in summary概括地说， in fact事实上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course当然， to our knowledge据我们所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他们惊奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事实上等。

高中英语：高考英语常考60个句型+例句

导读英语一直是考生们非常头疼的科目，无论是从词汇、语法还是句型方面，很多考生都是一团糟，但是在这里要告诉大家，2020成人高考英语难度其实不是很大，只需要大家掌握必要的词汇和句型等等，就能有效应对即将到来的考试，那么2020成人高考英语关键句型有哪些?如何备考呢?

1、“名词+and”结构

在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。

A word,and he would lose his temper.

2、“疑问词+should…but ”结构

这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为“none…but”，可译为“除了……还有谁会……”，“岂料”，“想不到……竟是……”等。

Who should write it but himself?

3、“the last+不定式”和“the last +定语从词”结构

这种结构中的“last”意思是“the least

likely”，用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”，“最不合适的”，由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。

He is the last man to accept a bride.

4、“祈使句+and”和“祈使句+or”结构

“祈使句+and”表示“If…you…”，“祈使名+or”表示“if…not…you”。

Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you

have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

5、“as…，so…”结构

这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。

As rust eats iron,so care eats the heart.

6、“who knows but (that)…”和“who could should…but”结构

这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为“多半”，“亦未可知”等等，有时也可直译。

Who knows but(that)he may go?

7、“be it ever(never)so”和“let it be ever(never)so”结构

这里，“be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用“let it be”。“ever so”和“never

so”都表示同一意思，都表示“very”。

Be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble),home is home.

8、“so…that…”句型

这个句型的意思是“如此……，以致于……”，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成“如此……以致于……”，而是变通表达其含义。

He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.

9、“more + than+原级形容词(副词)”结构

这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。

It is more than probable that he will fall.

10、“if any”结构

“if any”和“if ever”，意思是“果真有……”，“即使有……”，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：“if

anything”(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，“if a day”(=at least，至少)。

There is little,if any,hope.

以上就是2020年成人高考英语关键句型，能够帮助大家更好的进行成人高考英语备考，加油，你会成功的!

高考英语作文常用的高级句型都有哪些

高中英语：高考英语常考60个句型+例句

高中英语入门超级重要的60个句型，附有例句，不爱记语法理论的同学，一定要多背自己不熟悉的句式。

1. as…as?和……一样

中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如：

This classroom is as big as that one.

这间教室和那间一样大。

He runs as fast as Tom.?

他和汤姆跑的一样快。

否定结构：not as/so…as,“不如……”。上面的两个句子可分别改为：

This classroom is not as/so large as that one.

这间教室不如那间大。

He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.

他跑得不如汤姆快。

2. as soon as 一……就……

用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：

I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.

我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。

He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.

他一完成工作就回家。

3. be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth. 忙于/喜欢/讨厌/继续/完成做某事

在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等词语后，一般用动词-ing形式作宾语。例如：

Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.

林涛正忙着做飞机模型。

My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.

我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。

I hate watching Channel Five.

我讨厌看五频道。

When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.

当有人让他休息一会儿时，他仍继续工作。

I have finished writing the story.

我已经写完了故事。

4. fill…with 用……装满......；be filled with 充满了……；be full of 充满了......

①be filled with 说明由外界事物造成的此种状态，表示被动。例如：

The box is filled with food.

盒子里装满了食物。

②be full of说明主语处于的状态。此外，还可表示程度，意为“非常”。例如：

The patient’s room is full of flowers.

那个病人的房间摆满了花。

The young man is full of pride.

那个年轻人非常骄傲。

③这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如：

I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.

5. be good/bad for 有利于/有害于……

此句型是：be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如：

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

做早操对你的健康有益。

Always playing computer games is bad for your study.

总玩电脑游戏对你的学习不利。

6. be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于……

后必须接名词或动名词，可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be 可用get,become来代替。例如：

He is used to life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)

他习惯于乡村生活。

He will get used to getting up early.

他将会习惯于早起。

注意：be used to do 的意思是“被用来做……”。例如：

Wood is used to make paper.

木材被用来造纸。

7. both…and…两者都……

用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时，其后谓语动词用复数。例如：

Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.

不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。

8. can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接动词-ing形式。例如：

His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.

他的笑话太有趣了，我们禁不止笑了起来。

9. sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱

此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语，它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。

This book cost me five yuan.

这本书花了我五元钱。

10. either…or… 不是……就是……,或者……或者……

用来连接两个并列成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。

You may either stay here or go home.

你可以呆在这儿，也可以回家。

Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right.

不是她对就是我对。

11. enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足够……做……

在此结构中,for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：

The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on.

这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。

12. feel like doing sth. 想要做……

此处like为介词，后面跟动词-ing形式。此句型与would like to do sth.同义。例如：

I feel like drinking a cup of milk.

我想喝一杯牛奶。

13. feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 认为某事……

在此结构中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如：

I find it very interesting to play football.

我发现踢足球很有趣。

She thinks it her duty to help us.

她认为帮助我们是她的职责。

14. get ready for sth./to do sth.

get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”；get ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”例如：

We are getting ready for the meeting.

我们正在为会议做准备。

They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.

他们那时正准备开运动会。

15. get/receive/have a letter from 收到……的来信，相当于hear from

Did you receive a letter from John?

你收到约翰的来信了吗?

I got a letter from my brother yesterday.

我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。

16. had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事

had better为情态动词，其后需用动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成’d better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如：

We had better go now. = We’d better go now.

我们最好现在走吧。

You’d better not go out because it is windy.

今天刮风，你最好别出去了。

17. have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (动作由别人完成)

sth.为宾语，done为过去分词作补语。例如：

We had the machine repaired.

我们请人把机器修好了。

注意区分：We have repaired the machine. 我们(自己)已经修好了机器。

18. help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事，其中的to可以省略。例如：

I often help my mother with housework.

我常常帮助妈妈做家务。

Would you please help me (to) look up these words?

请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?

19. How do you like……? 你认为……怎么样?与what do you think of …?同义。例如：

How do you like the weather in Beijing?

你认为北京的天气怎么样? 你觉得这部新**如何?

20. I don’t think/believe that… 我认我/相信……不……

其中的not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移)。that可省略。例如：

I don’t think it will rain.

我认为天不会下雨。

I don’t believe the girl will come.

我相信那女孩不会来了。

21. It happens that… 碰巧…… 相当于happen to do，例如：

It happened that I heard their secret.

可改写为：I happened to hear their secret

我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。

22. It’s/has been +一段时间+since从句 自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了

该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如：

It’s twenty years since he came here.

他来这里已经20年了。

It has been six years since he married Mary.

他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。

23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……

It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如：

It’s not easy for us to study English well.

对我们来说学好英语并不容易。

It’s a good idea for us to travel to the south.

去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。

24. It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.

It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语, 当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词of,而不用for。例如：

It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.

你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。

25. It seems/appears （to sb） that… (在某人看来)好像……

此句中的it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：

It seems that he is lying.?

看样子他好像是在撒谎。

It appears to me that he never smiles.?

在我看来，他从来没有笑过。

26. It is +数词+metres/kilometers long/wide… ……是多少米(公里)长(宽)

用来表示物体的长(宽,高)，如数词大于一，名词要用复数。例如：

It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.?

从这端到那端有二十米长。

27. It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的时候了

it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth. 例如：

It’s time for the child to go to bed.

孩子该睡觉了。

比较下面两种结构：

① It’s time for + n. 例如：

It’s time for school.

②It’s time to do sth. 例如：

It’s time to go to school.

28. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事

it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如：

It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.

从这儿走着到公交车站将花费她15分钟。

It took the old man three days to finish the work.

那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。

29. keep (on) doing sth. 一直坚持做某事

keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词。keep on doing sth.意为“继续不停地做某事”，一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互换。例如：

Don’t keep on doing such foolish things.

不要再做这样的傻事了。

He kept sitting there all day.

他整天坐在那里。

30. keep…from doing sth. 阻止......做某事

相当于stop…from doing sth., prevent…from doing sth. 在主动句中，stop和prevent后面的from可以省略，但在被动结构中，from不可以省略。例如：

Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.

请别让孩子到海里游泳。

The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.

屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。

31. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

不可和keep sb.from doing sth.结构混淆。例如：

Why do you keep me waiting for a long time?

你为什么让我等了很长时间?

32. make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事

make意为“使”时，其后要有不带to的动词不定式。例如：

He made me work ten hours a day.?

他让我每天工作10小时。

注意：上句如改为被动语态，则work 前的to不能省略。例如：

I was made to work ten hours a day.

33. neither…nor… 既不……也不……

当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致(就进一致原则)。例如：

Neither we nor Jack knows him.?

我们和杰克都不认识他。

He neither knows nor cares what happened.?

他对发生的事情不闻不问。

34. not…until… 直到……才......

until后可跟名词或从句，表示时间。例如：

He didn’t come until late in the evening.

他直到晚上很迟才来。

He didn’t arrive until the game began.?

直到比赛开始他才来。

35. sb. pays money for sth. 某人花钱买某物

此句型主语是人。例如：

I’ve already paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike.?

我已经花了2000元买这辆摩托车。

36. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 花费(时间、钱)在某事上/做某事

其中in可以省略，通常主语为“人”。例如：

I spent five yuan on this book.?

我在这本书上花了五元钱。

I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday.

昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。

37. so…that… 太……以至于……

用于复合句，that引导的是结果状语从句。so是副词,后面应接形容词或副词，如果接名词，应用such。例如：

The ice is so thin that you can’t walk on it.?

冰太薄了，你不能在上面走。

He is such a kind man that we all like him.?

他是一个非常好的人，我们都很喜欢他。

38. stop to do sth., stop doing sth.

stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另一件事”，stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”例如：

You’re too tired. You’d better stop to have a rest.?

你们太累了，最好停下来休息一会儿。

The teacher is coming. Let’s stop talking.?

老师来了，咱们别说话了。

39. Thank you for doing sth. 感激你做了……

for之后除了加动名词doing外，还可以加名词。例如：

Thank you for giving me the present.?

谢谢你给我的礼物。

Thank you for your help. =Thank you for helping me.

谢谢你的帮助。

40. thanks to 多亏……,由于……

thanks后的s不能省略，to是介词。例如：

Thanks to my friend Jim, I’ve worked out this problem.?

多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助，我已经解决了这个问题。

41. There be句型

①在此结构中，there是引导词，在句中不能充当任何成分，也不必翻译出来。句中的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语的数保持一致。例如：

There is a man at the door.?

门口有一个人。

当主语是由两个或者两者以上的名词充当时，谓语动词be要跟它邻近的那个名词的数一致(就近一致)。例如：

There are two dogs and a cat under the table.

桌下有两只狗和一只猫。

比较：There is a cat and two dogs under the table.

②There be 句型中的be不能用have来代替，但可以用lie(位于，躺),stand(矗立),exist(生存),live(生活)等词来替换。例如：

There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street.?

街道两旁矗立着许多高楼。

There lies lake in front of our school.

我们学校前面有一个湖。

Once there lived a king here.?

这儿曾经有一个国王。

There is going to be a sports meeting next week.?

下周准备开一个运动会。

there be 的拓展结构：there seem(s)/happen(s) to be…

There seems to be one mistake in spelling.

似乎有一处拼写错误。

There happened to be a ruler here.?

这儿碰巧有把尺子。

There seemed to be a lot of people there.?

那儿似乎有很多人。

42. The + adj.比较级, the + adj.比较级 越……,越……

此句型表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。例如：

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

他工作越努力，就感到越幸福。

The more, the better.?

多多益善。

43. too+adj./adv. +to do sth. 太……以至于不能…….

此句型为简单句，后面的to表示否定含义。例如：

The ice is too thin for you to walk on.?

这冰太薄，你不能在上面走。

The bag is too heavy to carry.?

这个袋子太重搬不动。

44. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事

used to是情态动词，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，因此只用于过去时态。例如:

He used to get up early.?

他过去总早起。

When I was yong, I used to play tennis very often.?

我年轻时经常打网球。

否定形式有两种：didn’t use to;used not to,例如：

He didn’t use to come. = He usedn’t to come.?

他过去不常来。

45. what about…? ……怎么样?

后面可接名词、代词、动名词等。与“how about…?”同义。例如：

We have been to Hainan. What about you?

我们去过海南，你呢?

What about going to the park on Sunday?

星期天去公园怎么样?

46. What day/date is it today? 今天星期几(几月几日)?

—What day is it today?

—Sunday.

—What date is it today?

—June 24th.

47. What’s wrong (the matter) with…? ……怎么了?

What’s wrong with you, Madam?

夫人，您怎么了?

You look worried. What’s wrong with you?

你看上去很焦急，出什么事了?

48. Why not do…? 为什么不做……?

谓语动词用原形。与Why don’t you do…?同义。例如：

Why not go to see the film with us?= Why don’t you go to see the film with us?

为什么不和我们一起去看**呢?

49. would like to do sth. 想做……

后用动词不定式作宾语。例如：

I would like to drink a cup of tea.

我想喝一杯茶。

疑问句式：Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea?

你想喝杯茶吗?

50. adj./adv.比较级 + and adj./adv.比较级 越来越......

若形容词/副词为双音节词及多音节词，则这一结构变为“more and more +形容词/副词”。例如：

It’s getting warmer and warmer.?

天气变得越来越暖和了。

The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.?

小女孩变得越来越漂亮了。

51. adj.比较级+than

than引导的是典型的比较级句型，表示“一者比另一者……”,其前用形容词或副词的比较级，than从句可以用省略形式。例如：

I know you better than she does.?

我比她更了解你。

This house is bigger than that one.?

这所房子比那所房子大。

52. though-从句

though引导的是让步状语从句，意思是“虽然……但是……”。但不能和but连用，英语中表达“虽然……,但是……”时，though和but只能用一个。例如：

Though it was snowing, it was not very cold.?

虽然下着雪，可并不太冷。

I was late for the last bus though I hurried.?

虽然我拼命赶路，还是没搭上最后一班公交车。

We didn’t feel tired though we walked a long way.?

虽然我们走了很长的路程，但是并没有感到累。

53. if-从句

If 引导的是条件状语从句，“如果;假如“。如主句用一般将来时，if从句要用一般现在时(主将从现)。例如：

If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along?

如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗?

If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go.?

如果明天下雨，我就不去了。

54. because-从句

引导原因状语从句，“因为”。例如：

He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.?

他没有听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。

55. so + do/be + 主语

“So + be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语” 表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。例如：

He likes football and so do I.?

他喜欢足球，我也如此。

Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom.?

刚才吉姆在踢足球，汤姆也在踢足球。

比较：“So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”结构，是用来证实前一句所表达的内容(起强调作用)。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。

A: It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。

B: So it is. 确实如此。

56. not only…but also… 不但……而且……

常用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子。连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：

She likes not only singing but also dancing.?

她不但喜欢唱歌，而且喜欢跳舞。

He is not only a good doctor but also a good father.?

他不但是个好医生而且是个好爸爸。

Not only I but also he is hoping to go there.?

不但我而且他也想去那儿。

57. prefer…to… 喜欢……胜过…...

prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 意为“两者相比更喜欢(做)其中之一”。在此结构中，to是介词，接名词或动名词，结构中前后所跟成分一样。例如：

He prefers tea to coffee.?

茶与咖啡相比，他更喜欢茶。

He prefers doing shopping to going fishing.

购物与钓鱼相比，他更喜欢购物。

58. 感叹句型：What (a/an) + adj. + n. +主语+谓语! How + adj./adv.+ +主语+谓语!

What a clever boy (he is)! =How clever the boy is!?

这个男孩儿多聪明啊！

What a wonderful film we saw last night!?

昨天晚上我们看的**多精彩啊!

How lovely the weather is!?

天气多好啊!

How hard he works!?

他工作多么努力啊!

59. 祈使句型

祈使句型表示命令、请求、劝告等含义。说话的对象通常为第二人称，习惯上常省略。句末用句号或感叹号。肯定祈使句是：谓语动词用动词原形表示。否定祈使句是：在谓语动词前加do not(don’t)。例如：

Be here on time tomorrow.?

明天准时到这儿来。

Say it in English!

用英语说!

Don’t be afraid!

别怕!

Don’t look out of the window!

不要朝窗外看!

60. 并列句型

用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句。连接并列句常用的连接词有：and, but, or, so, however, not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or…等。例如：

I help her and she helps me.

我帮助她，她帮助我。

He is very old but he is in good health.

他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。

We must hurry, or we’ll be late.

我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。

Kate does her work carefully, so she never makes any mistakes.

凯特工作很认真，从不出错。

英语高考作文万能句型是什么?

1、Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...

2、“如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。”

Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...

3、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”

Currently, the issue of ...has been brought to public attention.

4、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。”

Along with the rapid growth of ...,...has become increasingly important in our daily life.

5、“由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”

Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.

第二种考研写作功能句型?文章结尾句型

1、“因此，不难得出结论...”

Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...

2、“综上所述，我们能得出如下结论...”

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...

3、“这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会...”

The dilemma is something no one can avoid. Properly handled, however, we will...

4、“总之，全社会都应该密切关注...,只有这样我们才能...”

All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of .... Only in this way can we....

5、“考虑到所有的因素，我们意识到...”

Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that..

高考英语作文的万能句型、高级句型以及高级词汇有哪些？

如下：

1、To see a world in a grain of sand. And a heaven in a wild flower.

从一粒沙子看到一个世界，从一朵野花看到一个天堂。

2、Hold infinity in the palm of your hand. And eternity in an hour.

把握在你手心里的就是无限,永恒也就消融于一个时辰。

3、Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment, not only about survival.

生活是一串串的快乐时光，我们不仅仅是为了生存而生存。

4、To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world.

对于世界而言，你是一个人;但是对于某个人，你是他的整个世界。

5、Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile.

纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知道是谁会爱上你的笑容。

万能句型：

开头句型：

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是…

衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But it's a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

举例句型

1.Let's take...to illustrate this.

2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

3. Here is one more example.

4.Take … for example.

5.The same is true of….

6.This offers a typical instance of….

7.We may quote a common example of….

8.Just think of….

常用于引言段的句型

1.Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

高级句型：

People’s views on … vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that….人们对……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……

People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解.

Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待的态度因人而异.

There are different opinions among people as to …关于……，人们的观点大不相同.

Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that …

因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.

All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.

It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.

It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …

毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视.

Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that …

显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…

Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that …

毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.

According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents， who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和....

高级词汇：

severe 替换掉serious （严重的）

a severe water shortage严重缺水

needy 替换掉 ppor （ 贫穷的）

wealthy 替换掉 rich （ 富裕的）

benificial 替换掉 good （有益的）

undesirable 替换掉 bad （不好的，不受欢迎的）

nevertheless 替换掉 however （然而，不过）

fundamental / significant 替换掉 important （ 重要的）

relevant 替换掉 related （有关的）

....is highly relevant to.......

extraodinary 替换掉 surprising （惊人的，非凡的）

provided/providing （that ）替换掉 if （如果..... ）

promote /strengthen 替换掉 improve （提高，加强）

cope with 替换掉 solve （ 解决）

motivate 替换掉 encourage （ 激励）

jeopardize 替换掉 be bad to （损害，

well-being 替换掉 happiness （幸福，安康）

pros and cons 替换掉 advantages and disadvantages（好处和坏处）

approach / method 替换掉 way （方法，方案）

adopt 替换掉 use （采用，采取）

the aged 替换掉 old people（老人）

adolescents 替换掉 the young （青少年）

一些高级词汇的整理